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BDS2: Head And Neck Anatomy > Trigeminal Nerve 1 > Flashcards

Trigeminal Nerve 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many roots does the trigeminal nerve (CN V) have and what are they?

A

2 roots

  • sensory
  • motor
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2
Q

What structures does the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve innervate?

A
  1. Skin of face
  2. Oral mucosa
  3. Nasal mucosa
  4. Sinus mucosa
  5. Teeth
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3
Q

What structures does the motor root of the trigeminal nerve innervate?

A
  1. Muscles of mastication

2. 4 other muscles (covered in next lecture)

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4
Q

How many main divisions does the the trigeminal nerve have?

A

3

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5
Q

List the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve

A

V1: ophthalmic nerve

V2: maxillary nerve

V3: mandibular nerve

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6
Q

What are 3 exit points of CN V branches in the anterior skull?

A
  1. Supra orbital notch (foramen)
  2. Infra-orbital foramen
  3. Mental foramen

(This list is based on location - top to bottom)

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7
Q

What two bones form the hard palate?

A

Maxilla and palatine bone

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8
Q

What term is given to the part of the maxilla that makes up the roof of the mouth?

A

Palatine process

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9
Q

What term is given to the part of the palatine bone that makes up the roof of the mouth?

A

Horizontal plate of palatine bone

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10
Q

List 3 anatomical features present on the hard palate which function as passages for neurovascular structures

A
  1. Incisive foramen
    - located behind the maxillary incisors
  2. Greater palatine foramen
    - located at the edge of the horizontal plate of the palatine bone
  3. Lesser palatine foramen
    - located just behind the greater palatine foramen
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11
Q

Where is the condylar process of the mandible?

A

Located at the top of the mandible - furthest away from maxillary teeth

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12
Q

Where is the coronoid process of the mandible?

A

Near the condylar process

  • separated by the superior border
  • closer to maxillary teeth than condylar process
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13
Q

Where are the “head” and “neck” of the mandible?

A

The head is the top of the condylar process and extends downwards to form the neck

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14
Q

What name is given to the opening present on the inside of the mandible, roughly centred underneath the condylar and coronoid processes?

A

Mandibular foramen

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15
Q

What name is given to the small bony projection positioned anteriorly to the mandibular foramen?

A

Lingula

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16
Q

What important anatomical feature is in part, comprised of the coronoid process?

A

Temporomandibular joint

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17
Q

Which is bigger out of the sensory and motor roots of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Motor

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18
Q

What part of the brainstem does the trigeminal nerve emerge from?

A

Pons

- above the medulla and below the midbrain

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19
Q

Where is the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve located?

A

Pons

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20
Q

What name is given to the nerve that travels from the motor nucleus in the Pons to the muscles of mastication?

A

Special visceral efferent

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21
Q

What are the 3 afferent nuclei associated with the trigeminal nerve?

A
  1. Mesencephalic nucleus of V
  2. Chief sensory nucleus of V
  3. Spinal nucleus of V
22
Q

What afferent nuclei is located in the following parts of the brain stem: midbrain, Pons, medulla

A
  1. Midbrain:
    - mesencephalic nucleus
  2. Pons:
    - chief sensory nucleus
  3. Medulla:
    - spinal nucleus
23
Q

What name is given to the nerve originating from the 3 nuclei associated with the trigeminal nerve?

A

General somatic afferent

24
Q

What function does the mesencephalic nucleus have?

A

Allows proprioception

25
Q

What function does the chief sensory nucleus have?

A

Allows for discriminative touch

26
Q

What is the function of the spinal nucleus?

A

Allows sense of pain and temperature for structures supplied by CN V as well

+ general conscious sensation for the viscera supplied by CN IX and X

27
Q

Where does each division of the cranial nerve pass through to innervate its associated structures?

A
  1. Ophthalmic division
    - supraorbital notch/foramen
  2. Maxillary division
    - Infraorbital foramen
  3. Mandibular division
    - mental foramen
28
Q

What anatomical feature is contained in the mandibular division?

How can this affect the face?

A

Mandibular division contains the motor root for muscles of mastication

Jaw deviation to affected side if injured

29
Q

What parts of the body do the main divisions of the trigeminal nerve provide sensation for?

A

CN V1 V2 V3 supply general somatic sensation to most of the face, head and associated orbital, nasal and oral cavities

30
Q

Describe the pathway of the trigeminal nerve once it leaves the mid Pons

A

Trigeminal nerve emerges from mid Pons and passes forward onto the apex of the Petrous temporal bone where the trigeminal ganglion lies in a cave of dura matter (meckel’s cave)

31
Q

What name is given to the cave of dura matter which contains the trigeminal ganglion?

A

Meckel’s cave

32
Q

What is the first anatomical feature that the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve pass through, directly from the trigeminal ganglion

A

V1 (ophthalmic):
- superior orbital fissure

V2 (maxillary):
- foramen rotundum

V3 (mandibular):
- foramen ovale

33
Q

What significant anatomical feature is located posterior to the trigeminal ganglion?

A

Cavernous sinus

34
Q

If the divisions of the trigeminal nerve are affected in the cavernous sinus, what else is likely to occur?

A

There will often be an effect on other nerves such as CN III and CN IV

35
Q

What are the 3 sub branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Lacrimal
  3. Nasociliary
36
Q

What two nerves stem from the frontal nerve and what do these nerves innervate?

A
  1. Supraorbital nerve
  2. Supratrochlear nerve
  • innervate skin of vertex and upper eyelid/forehead
37
Q

What does the lacrimal nerve innervate?

A
  1. Lacrimal gland

2. Skin of lateral upper eyelid and forehead

38
Q

What nerves stem from the nasociliary nerve?

What do these nerves innervate?

A
  1. Anterior/posterior ethmoidal nerves
    - supply the ethmoidal sinuses, lateral wall of the nasal cavity and nasal septum
    - anterior continues as external nasal nerve to innervate all the way to the tip of the nose
  2. Infratrochlear nerve
    - stems from posterior ethmoidal nerve which innervates the skin of the medial upper eyelid and root of the nose
  3. Long ciliary nerves
    - innervates the cornea of the eye
39
Q

If shingles develop at the tip of the nose, what other area could potentially be affected by the disease and why?

A

The cornea
- the external nasal branch that innervates the tip of the nose stems from the anterior ethmoidal nerve, which stems from the nasociliary nerve which has branches that innervate the cornea

40
Q

Where is the pterygopalantine fossa located?

A

Lateral to the upper aspect of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, behind the orbit and above the hard/soft palate

41
Q

What anatomical feature is present in the medial wall of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Sphenopalatine foramen

42
Q

What structure passes into the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

43
Q

What parts of the body does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve innervate?

Describe the nerve pathway responsible for this

A

Maxillary division divides to send zygomatic and infraorbital branches into the orbit via the inferior orbital fissure that then emerge through bony foramina to supply the skin

- innervates:
Lateral forehead
Lower eyelid
Side of nose
Cheek (anteriorly)
Upper lip
Zygomatic region
44
Q

What are the two main branches stemming from the maxillary division?

A
  1. Zygomatic

2. Infra orbital

45
Q

List 3 other sub branches of the maxillary division and what they innervate

A
  1. Nasopalantine to nasal cavity
  2. Greater and lesser palatine to palate
  3. Superior Alveolar (anterior/middle/posterior) to upper teeth
46
Q

What nerve branches stem from the zygomatic nerve?

A
  1. Zygomaticotemporal

2. Zygomaticofacial

47
Q

Where does the posterior, middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves stem from?

A

The Infra orbital nerve

48
Q

What areas are supplied directly by the infraorbital nerve?

A

Lower eyelid
Cheek
Nose
Upper lip

49
Q

Describe the pathway of the nasopalatine nerve

A

Nasopalatine nerve enters the nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen to reach the nasal septum from where it courses inferiorly and passes via the incisive canal to reach the anterior hard palate

50
Q

What teeth are innervated by what superior alveolar nerves?

A

Anterior superior alveolar nerve = 1-3 (maxillary)

Middle superior alveolar nerve = 4 and 5 (maxillary)

Posterior superior alveolar nerve = 6 7 8

(These also supply outer gingivae)

51
Q

What nerves supply the inner gingivae?

A

Nasopalatine

Greater palatine

52
Q

What nerve innervates the soft palate?

A

Lesser palatine nerve

BDS2: Head And Neck Anatomy (2 decks)

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