Triads in Cardiology

Question 1

Triad of Ruptured Aneurysm

Answer 1

Left Flank Pain
Hypotension
Pulsatile Mass

Question 2

Diagnostic Triad of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) ECG Pattern

Answer 2

Wide QRS complex
Relatively short PR interval
Slurring of the initial part of the QRS complex (delta wave)

Question 3

Triad of chronic renal failure in ECG

Answer 3

Peaked T waves (hyperkalemia)
Long QT due to ST segment lenghthening (hypocalcemia)
LVH (systemic hypertension)

Question 4

Three principles of tamponade (Beck’s triad)

Answer 4

Hypotension
Soft/ absent heart sounds
Jugular venous distention with a prominent x-descent but absent y-descent

Question 5

Plaques that have caused fatal thromboses tend to have

Answer 5

Thin fibrous caps
Relatively large lipid cores
High content of macrophages

Question 6

Major determinants of myocardial O2 demand (MVO2)

Answer 6

Heart rate
Myocardial contractility
Myocardial wall tension (stress)

Question 7

Triad of Buerger’s disease

Answer 7

Claudication of the affected extremiy
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Migratory superficial vein thrombophleblitis

Question 8

Virchow’s Triad

Answer 8

Stasis
Vascular endothelial damage
Hypercoagulability

Question 9

Dressler’s Triad (post MI pericarditis)

Answer 9

Fever
Pleuritic Pain
Pericardial Effusion