Triads Flashcards by Han wu

angina + dyspnea + dizziness/syncope

aortic stenosis

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fatigue/weakness + anxiety + weight loss

hyperthyroidism

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usually female, arthritis + fatigue/malaise + skin lesions/rash + fever e

SLE

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tiredness + weight loss + polydipsia + polyuria

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Fatigue (extreme) + dizziness/funny turns + anorexia/nausea + vomiting

Addison’s ?

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persistent diarrhoea + bubbly offensive smelling stools + abdominal cramps/bloating + flatulence

celiac disease

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Lethargy/malaise + diarrhoea + weight loss

CRC

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malaise + fever + sorethroat + cervical lymphadenopathy

EBV

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postural instability + bradykinesia + rigidity + tremor

Parkinson’s

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constitutional symptoms (malaise/weight loss) + fever/night sweats + pruritis

B symptoms Lymphoma

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(adult female) Abdominal discomfort with fullness/bloating + GI problems: anorexia, nausea, diarrhoea or constipation + weight loss

pregnancy

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fatigue + unexplained backachae/bone pain+ susceptibility to infection

multiple myeloma

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middle aged person presenting with disturbance (Reduction of the basic drives of life)

depression

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Back pain (severe constant localized) with radiculopathy + percussion tenderness over spine + evolving neurological deficit (gradual leg weakness and sensory change) + fever

epidural abscess

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acute diarrhoea + colicky abdominal pain +/- vomiting

gastroenteritis (viral)

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(young adult) diarrhoea +/- blood and mucus + abdominal cramps

IBD (UC - more bleeds)

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young adult diarrhoea, constitutional symptoms + eyes/joints

Crohn’s disease

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pale bulky offensive stools, difficult to flush, weight loss

mal-absorption

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fatigue + weight loss + iron deficiency + steatorrhea

celiac disease

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failure to thrive (child) + recurrent chest infections + steatorrhea

cystic fibrosis

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altered bowel habit, constipation/diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, abdomen discomfort

Colorectal CA

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diarrhoea (fluid/incontinent), constipation, abdominal discomfort, anorexia and nausea

fecal impaction ooooooo

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profuse watery diarrhoea + abdominal cramps + antibiotics use

pseudomembranous colitis (C difficile)

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variable diarrhoea/constipation + abdominal discomfort + mucus PR + flatulence

irritable bowel syndrome oooo

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malaise, fatigue, haematuria, frequency, dysuria | what Ix?

transitional cell carcinoma/bladder cancer | Ix: urine cytology x3 and cystoscopy

malaise, fatigue, lump, nipple changes (discharge, distortion)

breast cancer | ix: FNA/biopsy, excision biopsy, imaging

malaise fatigue, seizure, cognitive impairment, headache

cerebral cancer | Ix; Brain MRI, Head CT

malaise fatigue, post coital bleeding, intermenstral bleeding, vaginal discharge

cervical caner screening: pap smear Ix: biopsy

malaise fatigue, blood in stool, change in bowel habit, abdominal discomfort

CRC Ix: colonoscopy screening: FOBT

malaise fatigue, hematuria, loin pain, palpable kidney mass

Renal Cell Carcinoma | ix: urine cytology x3, U/S, CT/MRI

malaise fatigue, persistent cough, weight loss, hemoptysis

Lung cancer Ix: CXR, CT scan Dx: Bronchoscopy w/ biopsy, PET scan

malaise fatigue, dysphagia, chest discomfort, hiccups

oesophagus cancer | ix: endoscopy, barium swallow

malaise fatigue, abdominal discomfort, distension, bloating, bowel changes, menstrual dysfunction

ovarian cancer | ix: pelvic U/S, serum CA-125

malaise fatigue, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, epigastric/pain OR painless jaundice

pancreatic CA | ix: CT/MRCP, CA19-9

malaise fatigue, bladder outlet obstruction, back pain, hematuria

prostate CA screening: DRE, PSA Ix: core biopsy w/ transrectal US,

malaise fatigue, anorexia, dyspepsia, wweiht loss

gastric CA | ix: gastroscopy, biospy

pallor, bone pain, bleeding tendency, gingival hypertrophy + malaise, fatigue

ALL/AML AML has gingival hypertrophy ix: FBE/film, BM biopsy, LN biopsy

fever night sweats, abdominal fullness, symptoms of anemia (tired, SOB)

CML

fever night sweats, weight loss, lymphadenopathy

CLL

fever, nightsweats, pruritus, cervical lymphadenopathy

hodjkin's

weakness, back pain, susceptibility to infection

MM | ix; FBE/film, bence jones protiens, serum paraproteins, skeletal survey

what are the top 3 metastatic cancers

lung, colon, breast

tiredness + husky voice + cold intolerance

hypothyroidism

physical slowing + mental slowing + facial puffiness

hypothyroidism

anxiety + weight loss + muscle weakness

hyperthyroidism

sweaty hands + loose bowel movements + palpitations

hyperthyroidism

nasal problems + difficulty wearing shoes/rings + weakness + sweating

acromegaly

fatigue/weakness + anorexia + nausea + dizziness + skin discoloration

Addison's diasease

fatigue/weakness + abominal pain + loose stools + skin discoloration

Addison's disease

plethoric moon face + thin extremities + muscle weakness + hirsutism + abdominal straie + hypertension

Cushing's

amenorrhea + loss of axillary and pubic hair + breast atrophy

hypopituitarism

weakness + polyuria + polydyspia (intense craving for ice water)

diabetes insipidus

weakness + constipation + polyuria

hypercalcemia

stones bones groans and moans

hyperPTH

cramps + cognitive dysfunction

hypocalcemia

reduced libido + subfertility + gallactorhea (females) amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea (males) reduced facial hair

hyperprolactinemia

fatigue/tiredness + polydyspia + polyuria

Diabetes Mellitus | if + weight loss = Type 1

19-yr-old boy with cryptorchidism and impaired conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

5a reductase deficiency

6-yr-old girl, fully developed breasts, vaginal & vulval growth & pubic hair + cafe-au-lait spots & polyostotic fibrotic dysplasia

Forbes-albright syndrome (alactorrhoea-amenorrhoea associated with a pituitary tumour)

6-yr-old girl with isolated early pubic hair development

premature adrenarche

19-yr-old girl with short statue, webbed neck, coarctation of aorta, streak gonads

Turner's syndrome

18-yr-old boy pea sized firm testes, gynaecomastia, androgen deficiency & poor sexual development

Klinefelter's syndrome

3-yr-old girl with isolated early breast development

premature thelarche

17-yr-old boy with hypogonadism & loss of smell + isolated GnRH deficiency

Kallman's syndrome