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Disorders > Triads > Flashcards

Triads Flashcards

1
Q

PKU

Phenylketonuria

A

Musty urine and body odor
Mental or growth delay
Autosomal recessive
Treatment: tyrosine, decrease phenylalanine

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2
Q

Granulosa Cell Tumor Histology Findings

A

Coffee bean nuclei

Call-exner bodies

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3
Q

Juvenille adnexal tumors

A

Granulosa cell tumors

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4
Q

Granulosa cell tumor marker

A

Inhibin

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5
Q

Alpha-fetoprotein is a tumor marker associated with:

A

Endodermal sinus tumor
Immature teratoma
Embryonal carcinoma

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6
Q

Lichen simplex chronicus

A

Persistent pruritus, plaque lesions, linear ulcerations

Can be in Juvenilles

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7
Q

Lichen planus

A

Deep, erythematous erosions; shiny purlple and pruritic papules; possible white lacy striae (Whickham striae)

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8
Q

Lichen sclerosus

A

Itchin and burning of skin
Thin, crinkling “Cigarette paper”
Hourglass “figure of 8”

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9
Q

Zoledronic acid, Alendronate, Risedronate

A

Bisphosphonate that inhibits osteoclast bone resorption

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10
Q

What causes damage to genitofemoral nerve or lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

A
  1. Retractor use
  2. Dissection of external iliac lymph nodes
  3. Removal of large pelvic mass
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11
Q

Symptoms of genitofermoral nerve injury?

A

Parasthesia of labia and upper medial thigh

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12
Q

Symptoms of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury

A

Parasthesia and pain that radiates down the anterior and posterior aspect of the thigh

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13
Q

What causes obturator nerve injury?

A

Passage of trocar

Lymph node dissection in obturator fossa

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14
Q

Symptoms of femoral nerve injury

A

Weakness in quadriceps and iliopsoas muscle

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15
Q

Type of forceps for infant with molded head

A

Simpson forceps

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16
Q

Main coagulation factors increased with estrogen use?

A

Factor VII, Factor X and Fibrinogen

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17
Q

Which pelvis type is most associated with deep transverse arrest in labor?

A

Platypelloid

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18
Q

Alternate medical therapy for urinary continence in people that cannot tolerate antimuscarinic

A

Micabegron (beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist)

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19
Q

Overactive bladder medical therapy

A

Antimuscarinic agents - to block acetylcholine stimulation of muscarinic receptors

Adrenergic agonists - to promote beta-receptor stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Leads to detrusor smooth muscle relaxation, increased bladder capacity, decreased urgency

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20
Q

OCPs ____endometrial proliferation and ____ menstrual prostanoids. They ____ uterine hypercontractility by _____ serum levels of vasopressin

(Increase or Decrease)

A

Decrease endometrial proliferation
Decrease menstrual prostanoids
Decrease uterine hypercontractility
Decrease serum vasopressin

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21
Q

LeFort Colpoclesis

A

Aim: To reduce prolapse back into the pelvis by obliterating the vaginal canal

Indication: Symptomatic prolapse who are unable to tolerate or do not desire longer or more extensive procedures and who no longer desire intercourse

22
Q

Posterior vaginal repair (posterior colporrhaphy) and perineorrhaphy - Aim and Indication

A

Aim: To correct posterior wall prolapse
Indication: For the treatment of rectocele, defects of the perineum, or both

23
Q

Anterior vaginal repair (anterior colporrhaphy) - Aim and Indication

A

Aim: To correct anterior wall prolapse
Indication: To be used for the treatment of bladder or urethra prolapse

24
Q

Sacrospinous fixation (aim and indication)

A

Aim: To correct upper vaginal prolapse
Indication: Performed at the time of hysterectomy or in patients with post hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse

25
Q

Uterosacral ligament suspension (aim and indication)

A

Aim: To current upper vaginal prolapse
Indication: Performed at the time of hysterectomy or in patient with posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse

26
Q

Abdominal sacral colpoplexy (aim and indication)

A

Aim: Correct upper vaginal prolapse
Indication: Women with recurrent cystocele, vault prolapse, enterocele

27
Q

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKH)

A

Vaginal agenesis (abnormalities in uterus, normal ovaries_

28
Q

Pemphigoid gestationalis

A

An autoimmune bullous disease of pregnancy notable for intense pruritus, urticarial plaques, papules surrounding the umbilicus.

SPARES mucous membranes

Dx: measurement of serum levels of anti-BP180 antibodies by

29
Q

The foramen ovale carries blood from the _____ to the ______.

A

Right atrium; left atrium

30
Q

The ductus arteriosus carries fetal blood from the ____ to the ____.

A

Pulmonary artery, aorta

31
Q

Presentation of Congenital Varicella?

A 
Scarring in dermatomal pattern
Limb abnormalities
Microcephaly
Hepatic calcifications
Growth restriction
32
Q

What is the threshold serum glucose value for a 75g, 2hr glucose tolerance test that is diagnostic of DM?

A

> 200mg/dL

33
Q

Which type of pelvis is associated most with failed vaginal delivery and an increased rate of cesarean delivery?

A

Android pelvis

34
Q

Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy

A

Periumbilical sparing and presence of lesions within abdominal striae

35
Q

Teratogenic effects of carbamazepine

A
  1. Neural tube defects
  2. Cardiovascular defects
  3. Urinary tract defects
36
Q

Teratogenic effects of valproic acid

A
  1. Spina bifida
  2. Clef palate
  3. Facial dysmorphism
37
Q

Best antiepileptics in pregnancy (2)?

A

Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam

38
Q

Klebsiella Granulomatis under the microscope

A

Under Wright-Giemsa stain, classic Donovan bodies are seen inside macrophages (appear to look like safety-pin)

39
Q

Presentation of Klebsiella granulomatis vaginal lesions

A

Nodular lesions that develop into ulcers with rolled margins. Appear beefy red and expand outward. PAINLESS without lymphadenopathy.

40
Q

Cushing’s disease presentation (7)

A 
Rapid weight gain
Proximal muscle weakness
Moon face
Dorsal and supraclavicular fat pads
Wide violaceious stria
Hirsutism
Hypertension
41
Q

Management of McCune-Albright Syndrome

A
  1. Aromatase inhibitor
  2. SERM (tamoxifen)
  3. Estrogen receptor antagonist
42
Q

McCune-Albright Syndrome Triad

A
  1. Precocious puberty
  2. Cafe-au-lait spots (unilateral)
  3. Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (fibrous tissue growth in multiple bones - prone to fractures and limping)
43
Q

McCune-Albright Syndrome - What is it and what is the genetic defect?

A

Most common cause of GnRH-independent precocious puberty

Mechanism: Somatic mutation of the G-Protein that activates adenylyl cyclase, leading to continuous endocrine stimulation

44
Q

Trisomy 21 Presentation

A

Thickened nuchal fold, mild ventriculomegaly, duodenal atresia, cardiovascular defects (including VSD, endocardial cushion)

45
Q

Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome) Presentation

A

Holoprosencephaly
Polycystic kidneys
Polydactyly
Urogenital defects

46
Q

Quad screen results

A

AFP, Estriol, B-Hcg, Inhibin A

Trisomy 21: Down, Down, Up, Up
Trisomy 18: Down, Down, Down, Normal
Trisomy 13: Normal, Normal, Down, Normal

47
Q

Trisomy 18 presentation

A 
Small mouth
Micrognathia
Growth restriction
Pointy Ears
Clenched Hands
Clubbed or rocker-bottom feet
Chorioid plexus cysts
Congenital heart defects
48
Q

Mechanism and side effect of Bleomycin

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis

Pulmonary toxicity

49
Q

Management of PID (or septic abortion)

A

IV Antibiotics:

Cefoxitin + Doxycycline (or Clinda) + Gentamycin

50
Q

Autosomal dominant diseases

A

Ehlers-Danlos, Marfan, Noonan, Peutz-Jeghers, Von-Hippel-Lindau, Neurofibromatosis

51
Q

Autosomal recessive diseases

A

Cystic fibrosis, Sickle cell disease, spinal muscular atrophy, Tay-Sachs

52
Q

X-linked diseases

A

Hemophilia, color blindness, fragile X syndrome

Disorders (1 decks)

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