TRIAD/TETRAD Flashcards
triad of endothelium-mediated activation
hypoxia
inflammation
coagulation
Classic presentation of anaphylaxis
pruritus
cutaneous flushing
urticaria
Beck’s triad
low blood pressure
elevated jugular venous distention
decreased heart sounds
Classic and most common picture of acute cardiogenic shock is due to left ventricular (LV) infarction and is characterized by the physiologic triad
low cardiac index
high systemic vascular resistance indices
increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, with peripheral vasoconstriction and pulmonary edema
Classic triad of aortic stenosis
Dyspnea
Chest pain
Syncope
Classic triad of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
abdominal pain
pulsatile abdominal mass
hypotension
Hepatic Artery Aneurysm (Quincke’s triad)
jaundice
biliary colic
upper GI bleeding
Triad of Pulmonary Embolism
pleuritic chest pain
dyspnea
tachycardia and hypoxemia
Classic presentation of cholangitis (Charcot’s triad)
fever
right upper quadrant abdominal pain
Jaundice
Reynolds’ pentad
fever right upper quadrant abdominal pain Jaundice altered mental status shock
Gallstone ileus (radiographic Rigler’s triad)
small bowel obstruction
pneumobilia
ectopic gallstone
PCOS triad
obesity
hirsutism
oligomenorrhea
classic symptom triad of type 1 diabetes
Polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
Three pathophysiologic processes of asthma
Inflammation
Bronchospasm
airway obstruction
Triad of WPW
short PR interval (<0.12 seconds)
prolonged QRS complex (>0.12 seconds)
delta wave, which represents a slurred upstroke of the QRS complex
Intussusception “classic” triad
colicky abdominal pain
vomiting
bloody stools “currant jelly”
Triple-risk theory of SIDS
infant’s underlying vulnerability
critical period of development
exogenous stressors
HSP
palpable purpuric rash
abdominal pain
arthritis
if tetrad: renal disease
Measles
kolpik spots
conjunctivitis
descending rash
Rubella
Forchheimer spots
rash
polyarthritis
Tetralogy of Fallot
Ventricular Septal Defect
Right Ventricular Outflow Obstruction
Overriding Aorta
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Necrotizing soft tissue infection triad
severe pain
swelling
fever
Lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis
rectal ulcers
bleeding
discharge
Viral encephalitis
fever
headache
altered level of consciousness
HIV retinopathy
non–vision-threatening retinal cotton-wool spots
retinal hemorrhages
microaneurysms
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever triad
fever
rash
tick bite
Malaria
fever
splenomegaly
thrombocytopenia
Yellow fever
jaundice
black emesis
albuminuria
Tetanus
generalized muscular rigidity
violent muscular contractions
autonomic nervous system instability
Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome)
deafness
vertigo
facial nerve palsy
Miller-Fisher syndrome variant GBS
ophthalmoplegia
ataxia
areflexia
Parkinson’s TRAP
resting Tremor,
cogwheel Rigidity,
bradykinesia/Akinesia
impairment in Posture and equilibrium
Bacterial meningitis
fever (second most common symptom),
headache (most common symptom)
stiff neck
altered mental status
Viral encephalitis
Headache
Fever
altered mental status
Brain abscess
Headache most common feature
Fever Second most common feature
Focal neurologic deficit
Epidural abscess
back pain most common presenting complaint
fever
neurologic symptoms
Classic feature of the serotonin syndrome
cognitive autonomic neuromuscular effects (myoclonus, tremor, hyperreflexia)
Tetrad of NMS
altered mental status – usual first symptom;
muscular rigidity – like Parkinson’s
fever
sympathetic nervous system lability – usual last symptom.
In addition to the tetrad: recent dopamine antagonist exposure or dopamine agonist withdrawal and negative evaluation for other causes
Triad of opioid intoxication
miOsis,
lethargy
respiratory depression
Hallmarks of chronic neurologic toxicity in inorganic mercury
tremor
neurasthenia
erethism
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency - Beriberi
anorexia
weight loss
neuropathy
Wernicke’s syndrome
confusion
ataxia
ophthalmoplegia
Korsakoff’s psychosis
confusion
confabulations
psychosis.
Pellagra (vitamin B3 niacin deficiency)
dermatitis
diarrhea
dementia
Classic features of acute isoniazid overdose
seizures
metabolic acidosis
protracted coma
Cushing Reflex
Hypertension
Bradycardia
respiratory irregularity
Posterior urethral injury
urinary retention
blood at the meatus
high-riding prostate.
“terrible triad” injury
elbow dislocation (90% are posterolateral)
fractures of the radial head
fractures of the coronoid
Alveolar hemorrhage triad
hemoptysis
pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph
rapid decrease in hemoglobin level
Classic triad of Reiter’s syndrome
arthritis
urethritis
conjunctivitis.
