TRIAD/TETRAD

Question 1

triad of endothelium-mediated activation

Answer 1

hypoxia
inflammation
coagulation

Question 2

Classic presentation of anaphylaxis

Answer 2

pruritus
cutaneous flushing
urticaria

Question 3

Beck’s triad

Answer 3

low blood pressure
elevated jugular venous distention
decreased heart sounds

Question 4

Classic and most common picture of acute cardiogenic shock is due to left ventricular (LV) infarction and is characterized by the physiologic triad

Answer 4

low cardiac index
high systemic vascular resistance indices
increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, with peripheral vasoconstriction and pulmonary edema

Question 5

Classic triad of aortic stenosis

Answer 5

Dyspnea
Chest pain
Syncope

Question 6

Classic triad of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

Answer 6

abdominal pain
pulsatile abdominal mass
hypotension

Question 7

Hepatic Artery Aneurysm (Quincke’s triad)

Answer 7

jaundice
biliary colic
upper GI bleeding

Question 8

Triad of Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 8

pleuritic chest pain
dyspnea
tachycardia and hypoxemia

Question 9

Classic presentation of cholangitis (Charcot’s triad)

Answer 9

fever
right upper quadrant abdominal pain
Jaundice

Question 10

Reynolds’ pentad

Answer 10

fever
right upper quadrant abdominal pain
Jaundice
altered mental status
shock

Question 11

Gallstone ileus (radiographic Rigler’s triad)

Answer 11

small bowel obstruction
pneumobilia
ectopic gallstone

Question 12

PCOS triad

Answer 12

obesity
hirsutism
oligomenorrhea

Question 13

classic symptom triad of type 1 diabetes

Answer 13

Polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia

Question 14

Three pathophysiologic processes of asthma

Answer 14

Inflammation
Bronchospasm
airway obstruction

Question 15

Triad of WPW

Answer 15

short PR interval (<0.12 seconds)
prolonged QRS complex (>0.12 seconds)
delta wave, which represents a slurred upstroke of the QRS complex

Question 16

Intussusception “classic” triad

Answer 16

colicky abdominal pain
vomiting
bloody stools “currant jelly”

Question 17

Triple-risk theory of SIDS

Answer 17

infant’s underlying vulnerability
critical period of development
exogenous stressors

Question 18

HSP

Answer 18

palpable purpuric rash
abdominal pain
arthritis
if tetrad: renal disease

Question 19

Measles

Answer 19

kolpik spots
conjunctivitis
descending rash

Question 20

Rubella

Answer 20

Forchheimer spots
rash
polyarthritis

Question 21

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 21

Ventricular Septal Defect
Right Ventricular Outflow Obstruction
Overriding Aorta
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Question 22

Necrotizing soft tissue infection triad

Answer 22

severe pain
swelling
fever

Question 23

Lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis

Answer 23

rectal ulcers
bleeding
discharge

Question 24

Viral encephalitis

Answer 24

fever
headache
altered level of consciousness

Question 25

HIV retinopathy

Answer 25

non–vision-threatening retinal cotton-wool spots
retinal hemorrhages
microaneurysms

Question 26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever triad

Answer 26

fever
rash
tick bite

Question 27

Malaria

Answer 27

fever
splenomegaly
thrombocytopenia

Question 28

Yellow fever

Answer 28

jaundice
black emesis
albuminuria

Question 29

Tetanus

Answer 29

generalized muscular rigidity
violent muscular contractions
autonomic nervous system instability

Question 30

Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome)

Answer 30

deafness
vertigo
facial nerve palsy

Question 31

Miller-Fisher syndrome variant GBS

Answer 31

ophthalmoplegia
ataxia
areflexia

Question 32

Parkinson’s TRAP

Answer 32

resting Tremor,
cogwheel Rigidity,
bradykinesia/Akinesia
impairment in Posture and equilibrium

Question 33

Bacterial meningitis

Answer 33

fever (second most common symptom),
headache (most common symptom)
stiff neck
altered mental status

Question 34

Viral encephalitis

Answer 34

Headache
Fever
altered mental status

Question 35

Brain abscess

Answer 35

Headache most common feature
Fever Second most common feature
Focal neurologic deficit

Question 36

Epidural abscess

Answer 36

back pain most common presenting complaint
fever
neurologic symptoms

Question 37

Classic feature of the serotonin syndrome

Answer 37

cognitive
autonomic
neuromuscular effects (myoclonus, tremor, hyperreflexia)

Question 38

Tetrad of NMS

Answer 38

altered mental status – usual first symptom;
muscular rigidity – like Parkinson’s
fever
sympathetic nervous system lability – usual last symptom.
In addition to the tetrad: recent dopamine antagonist exposure or dopamine agonist withdrawal and negative evaluation for other causes

Question 39

Triad of opioid intoxication

Answer 39

miOsis,
lethargy
respiratory depression

Question 40

Hallmarks of chronic neurologic toxicity in inorganic mercury

Answer 40

tremor
neurasthenia
erethism

Question 41

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency - Beriberi

Answer 41

anorexia
weight loss
neuropathy

Question 42

Wernicke’s syndrome

Answer 42

confusion
ataxia
ophthalmoplegia

Question 43

Korsakoff’s psychosis

Answer 43

confusion
confabulations
psychosis.

Question 44

Pellagra (vitamin B3 niacin deficiency)

Answer 44

dermatitis
diarrhea
dementia

Question 45

Classic features of acute isoniazid overdose

Answer 45

seizures
metabolic acidosis
protracted coma

Question 46

Cushing Reflex

Answer 46

Hypertension
Bradycardia
respiratory irregularity

Question 47

Posterior urethral injury

Answer 47

urinary retention
blood at the meatus
high-riding prostate.

Question 48

“terrible triad” injury

Answer 48

elbow dislocation (90% are posterolateral)
fractures of the radial head
fractures of the coronoid

Question 49

Alveolar hemorrhage triad

Answer 49

hemoptysis
pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph
rapid decrease in hemoglobin level

Question 50

Classic triad of Reiter’s syndrome

Answer 50

arthritis
urethritis
conjunctivitis.