tress

Question 1

stress

Answer 1

is the state of psychological and physiological arousal produced by stressor. perceived as the inability to cope

Question 2

eustress

Answer 2

positive psychological response to stressor

Question 3

distress

Answer 3

negative psychological response to stressor

Question 4

role of cortisol

Answer 4

• stress hormone
• energises the body y increasing energy supply
• benefits short term
• prolonged stress response can be harmful to physical and mental health

Question 5

Gut-brain axis

Answer 5

refers to the connection between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system

Question 6

enteric nervous system

Answer 6

• subdivision of autonomic nervous system
• found in the wall of the digestive system
• controls contractions of the digestive tract, regulates gastric acid secretion and blood flow.
• the CNS and the ENS communicate via the vagus nerve and he gut microbiota

Question 7

vagus nerve

Answer 7

• the main connection between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract
• it is bidirectional

Question 8

gut microbiota

Answer 8

microbes that digest food providing the body with nutrients
also produce some neurotransmitters which effect nt levels in the brain

Question 9

Selye’s General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 9

is the 3 stage physiological response to a stressor which occurs in the same predictable way, whatever the source of stressor

Question 10

3 stages of GAS

Answer 10

1. alarm reaction.
   include shock (ability to deal with stressor falls below) and counter shock (sympathetic ns is activates which increase resistance to stress)
2. resistance - bodies resistance to the stressor rises above normal
3. exhaustion - the body cannot sustain its resistance

Question 11

the transactional model of stress and coping

Answer 11

describes the differences in responses of a stressor from a psychological perspective
- primary appraisal and
secondary appraisal

Question 12

Primary appraisal

Answer 12

the evaluation of the significance of the event.
the outcome is whether the even is: stressful, irrelevant of benign/positive.

Question 13

if situation is stressful

Answer 13

additional appraisals involve: harm/loss, threat (future) or challenge (gain growth)

Question 14

secondary appraisal

Answer 14

th evaluation of coping options and resources to deal with the event.
- internal (strength and determination)
external (money or support from family or friends)

Question 15

coping strategy

Answer 15

a specific method, either behavioural or psychological, that people use to manage or reduce the stress produced by a stressor

Question 16

nature of situation

Answer 16

influenced by demand of the situation, ability to adapt and modify

Question 17

coping flexibility

Answer 17

the degree to which coping strategies are successful in alleviating stress

Question 18

approach strategies

Answer 18

involve efforts to confront a stressor and deal directly with it and its effects.

Question 19

avoidance strategies

Answer 19

involve efforts that evade a stressor and deal directly with it and its effects
- include drug use, exercise, eating