Trends and Structures Flashcards
Ionization energy increases
Left to right and up
Ionization energy
Energy needed to remove electron
Explain ionization trend
Increases left to right because of more protons. Increases up because less energy levels so electrons are closer to nucleus.
Explain discontinuation in ionization energy 1
Going to higher energy level causes little decrease because of the extra distance that the existing protons cannot make up in that atom. Electrons in already occupied orbitals repulse each other.
Electron Affinity
Energy needed to add electron, it is given up so electron can stay near nucleus as to much energy can make the electron fly out.
Electron affinity becomes more exothermic
Left to right because of more protons and up because less energy levels/space
Discontinuities in electron affinity
When moving to higher subshell because of extra distance electronsneed to put more work in to stay at first. And when added to already occupied subshell
Electronegativity trend
Increase left to right and up due to increasing pull of protons
Atomic radius trend
Decrease left to right because protons increase pull and up because less energy levels /space.
Ionic size order
Anions neutral cations
Shape vs Geometry
Shape is based on atoms geometry is based on things
What determines how polar a bond is
Electronegativity, the more of it the stronger the bond.
Lattice energy trend
Increases with charge decreases with size
Linear angle
180
Trigonal planar angle
120
Tetrahedral angle
109.5
Trigonal bipyramidal angle
120,90
Octahedral angle
90
Trigonal planar things
3
Trigonal bipyramidal things
4
Linear things
2
How to find formal charge of central atom
Valence e - bonds+dots.
How to find how many bonds
Finding the formal charge of central atom
How to find dots on central atom
Minus by closes multiple of 8
