Trends and Compounds Flashcards
atomic radius
measured from centre of nucleus to valence orbit
AR trends
down a group: inc
across a period: dec from left to right
why does atomic radius inc down a group
the number of orbits inc
why does the atomic radius decrease across a period
when the number of protons inc, the attraction with the electons also inc, SHRINKING the orbits
ionic radius
cation: is less than AR
anion: is greater than AR
ionization energy
energy absorbed by an atom to allow it to lost an electron
IE trends
down a group: decreases from top to bottom
across a period: increases from left to right
why does ie dec from top to bottom
as attraction dec, the energy needed to remove electrons also dec
why does ie inc across a period
inc attraction = harder to lost e- = more energy needed to remove e-
electron affinity
energy released from an atom after gaining an atom
EA trends
down a group: dec from top to bottom
across a period: inc from left to right
why does ea dec from top to bottom
AR increases, valence e- are further from nucleus, dec. attraction, harder to gain e-
THEREFOREEEE, less energy left over to be released
why does ea inc across a period
AR dec, valence e- are closer, inc attraction
THEREFORE, more energy left over
most reactive metal
francium
most reactive nm
fluorine
electronegativity
measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons towards itself in a chem bond
can be affected by IE, EA, AR, reactivity
EN trends
F is set highest value = 4.0
decreases left + down from fluorine
noble gases = 0 (bc unreactive nonchalant baddie #slay)
ionic vs molecular compounds
ionic held by ionic bonds, molecular held by covalent bonds (refer to EN)
ionic properties
hard and brittle at standard atmospheric temperature& pressure
solids form a crystal lattice pattern
high melting/boiling pts
soluble in watah
electrolytes when molten/dissolved in h2o (conductive)
molecular properties
solid/liquid/gas as SATP
solids form a crystal lattice pattern
low melting/boiling pts
insoluble in wtaer
not conductive
polyatomic properties
solid at SATP
conduct electircity when melted/inwater
soluble in water
high melting/boiling pts
ionic uses
mg, na, k are major parts of blood plasma
ca forms the bones and teeth
i prevents goiters
molecular uses
acetic acid - vinegar
ibuprofen - drugs
polyethene - plastic bottles, clothes
polyatomic uses
js memorize it off the sheet idk
1+ oxygen atom (4, 5 for P/S)
per___ate
standard (3, 4O for P/S)
___ate
1- oxygen atom (2, 3 for P/S)
___ite
2- oxygen atom (1, 2 for P/S)
hypo___ite
majority of charges:
1-
other charges
COx, SOx (2-), POx (3-)
prefixesss
1 - mono
2 - di
3 - tri
4 - tetra
5 - penta
6 - hexa
7- hepta
8 - octa
9 - nona
10 - deca
11 - undeca
12 - dodeca
