Trends Flashcards
What is the root word of migration?
Migration is rooted from the Latin root word ‘migrare’.
What are the societal issues connected to human migration?
Human migration is connected to labor, demographics, and economic development.
What are people who move from one place to another called?
People who move from one place to another are known as migrants.
What is international migration?
International migration refers to one’s change of residence beyond a country’s national boundaries.
What is internal migration?
Internal migration refers to one’s change of residence only within a country’s states, provinces, cities, and municipalities.
What is forced migration?
Forced migration happens when one is forced to move out of the country due to external factors such as war or natural disasters.
What are the classifications of international migration based on direction?
The classifications are emigration, immigration, transit migration, circular migration, and return migration.
What is emigration?
Emigration is the act of leaving the place of residence from the perspective of the home country.
What is immigration?
Immigration is the act of entering a foreign country from the perspective of the host country.
What is transit migration?
Transit migration is the act of moving across a country without the intent to settle, but with the intent to further move to a different country.
What is circular migration?
Circular migration is the act of departing from a country to move to another country with the intention of going back to the place of origin within a specific timeframe.
What is return or re-migration?
Return or re-migration refers to returning to the home country to settle after living in a foreign country.
What are the classifications of migration based on duration?
The classifications are temporary migration, permanent migration, undetermined migration, contract migration, and seasonal migration.
What is temporary migration?
Temporary migration is when a person’s stay in a foreign country is limited in terms of duration.
What is permanent migration?
Permanent migration is when a person intends to settle in a foreign country permanently.
What is undetermined migration?
Undetermined migration is when the stay of the person in a foreign country is unspecified in terms of duration.
What is contract migration?
Contract migration is when the length of stay depends on the duration, as stipulated in the employment contract.
What is seasonal migration?
Seasonal migration is when the duration of stay is less than a year and is repeated over a period of time.
Who are considered as emigrants?
Emigrants are persons who leave their home country to live in a foreign country.
Who are considered as immigrants?
Immigrants are persons who enter a foreign country to settle.
Who are considered as refugees?
Refugees are persons who move to a foreign country due to serious risks such as war, persecution, and violence.
What are the economic reasons for migration?
Economic reasons include transferring to another country for a job opportunity.
What are the social reasons for migration?
Social reasons include moving to be with loved ones or family.
What are the political reasons for migration?
Political reasons include moving due to difficult conditions such as a negative political climate or war.
What are the environmental reasons for migration?
Environmental reasons include moving due to risks of natural disasters, such as floods and earthquakes.
What are push factors?
Push factors are factors that make people depart from their home country.
What are pull factors?
Pull factors are factors that encourage people to move toward a host country.
What is labor?
Labor is any amount of effort used to provide services or goods for economic growth.
What are the categories of labor?
The categories of labor are unskilled, semi-skilled, skilled, and professional.
What is a migrant worker?
A migrant worker is a person who migrates for the sole purpose of employment or a job.
What are the two types of labor migration?
The two types are highly skilled labor migration and unskilled low wage labor and temporary migration.
What is the impact of labor and migration on globalization?
Migrants increase productivity, balance demographics, introduce new skill sets, and improve social life and culture.
What is global interdependence?
Global interdependence is the mutual dependence between countries to solve common issues for the benefit of the parties involved.
What is collaboration?
Collaboration is parties working together toward a common goal driven by shared ideals and efforts.
What is cooperation?
Cooperation is parties working together to achieve goals for the benefit of each individual through a division of labor.
What do international organizations do regarding labor and migration?
They promote cooperation and collaboration, monitor conditions of migrants, promote welfare, and protect human rights.
What is the role of the United Nations (UN) in labor and migration?
The UN promotes stability, peace, welfare, human rights, and economic development.
What is the Global Migration Group (GMG)?
The GMG coordinates efforts between international migration agencies for a comprehensive approach to handling migration issues.
What is the role of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)?
The UNHCR leads efforts in helping refugees and ensuring their human rights are protected.
What does the International Labour Organization (ILO) address?
The ILO addresses problems relating to humanitarian, economic, and political factors involved in international labor.
What is the role of the International Organization for Migration (IOM)?
The IOM promotes humane and orderly migration, focusing on migration and development, facilitating migration, and managing forced migration.
What is the European Union (EU) known for in terms of labor and migration?
The EU allows flexibility in job opportunities among member states and manages refugee flows.
What is the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) focused on?
ASEAN fosters economic growth, stability, social progress, and cultural development.
What is the significance of remittances in migration?
Remittances are considered the most concrete and immediate benefit of international migration.
What does the term ‘gestalt’ mean?
Gestalt means form or pattern, relating to the brain’s ability to form new perceptions from sensory input.
What are the gestalt principles related to labor and migration?
The principles include proximity, similarity, closure, continuity, and symmetry or order.
What is the significance of proximity in migration?
Proximity suggests that greater volumes of migration are likely between countries that are closer to each other.
What does similarity refer to in migration?
Similarity refers to migrants considering cultural and linguistic similarities when choosing a foreign country.
What does closure mean in the context of migration?
Closure refers to the ability to perceive and rationalize ideas by recognizing patterns as a whole.
What does continuity refer to in migration?
Continuity refers to the perception of whole figures as integrated parts when aligned.
What does symmetry or order refer to in migration?
Symmetry or order refers to the perception of symmetrical elements as a unified group.
What is Lee’s Migration Model?
Lee’s Migration Model states that the volume of migrant workers is proportional to varying opportunities and obstacles.
Which countries promote labor and migration?
Countries include the United States, China, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Canada, Japan, and Germany.
What are planetary networks?
Planetary networks refer to the interconnections between different elements and living creatures in the natural environment.
What is biodiversity?
Biodiversity is the variety of life species in one area, supporting everything in nature.
What is species richness?
Species richness is a measure of the variety of life species, counting the species in an area.
Why is maintaining a healthy planetary network important?
The Earth provides resources for basic needs, medicine, economic input, and shapes culture.
What is a sustainable lifestyle?
A sustainable lifestyle refers to efforts to reduce the demand for using natural resources.
What is climate change?
Climate change is the periodic alteration of the Earth’s weather patterns and meteorological conditions.
What is global temperature?
Global temperature is the average temperature over the entire surface of the planet.
What is precipitation?
Precipitation is the falling of water from clouds to the Earth’s surface in forms like rain or snow.
What is solar activity?
Solar activity includes disturbances on the surface of the sun, such as solar flares and prominences.
What are rising sea levels caused by?
Rising sea levels can be explained by the melting of polar ice caps.
What are volcanic eruptions?
Volcanic eruptions occur when magma rises up and is released from a volcano.
What is the greenhouse effect?
The greenhouse effect is a process by which heat from the sun is redirected and trapped in the Earth’s surface.
What is global warming?
Global warming is the long-term increase of the planet’s temperature through the years.
What is climate change mitigation?
Climate change mitigation involves taking action to reduce the effects of harmful environmental conditions.
What is the Solid Waste Management Program (SWMP)?
The SWMP focuses on implementing solid waste management plans aligned with national objectives.
What is the Enhanced National Greening Program (ENGP)?
The ENGP aims to plant more tree seedlings on denuded and degraded forestlands nationwide.
What is the Enhanced Biodiversity Conservation (EBC)?
The EBC aims to restore and rehabilitate biodiversity and effectively manage ecosystem services.
What are consumption patterns?
Consumption patterns refer to the use of consumer goods or resources for basic survival.
What is food consumption?
Food consumption nourishes the human body and is part of socialization.
What are the types of energy consumption?
The types include residential, commercial, transportation, and industrial.
What is wood consumption?
Wood consumption refers to the use of wood as a raw material for various products.
What is rock and minerals consumption?
Rock and minerals consumption provides resources for infrastructure, technology, and cosmetics.
What is agricultural production?
Agricultural production refers to the use of agricultural products in sustaining human life.
What is industrialization?
Industrialization is the process of using machinery for mass production of goods.
What is wood harvesting?
Wood harvesting is the process of cutting and extracting wood from forests.
What is mining?
Mining is the process of extracting useful geological materials from the ground.
What is plastic pollution?
Plastic pollution results from improper dumping of plastic wastes, contaminating water.
What is factory smog?
Factory smog is visible in industrial areas, produced from burning coal in factories.
What is deforestation?
Deforestation is the clearing of forests for wood extraction and agricultural conversion.
What is Earth Hour?
Earth Hour is an annual event inviting people to turn off lights for one hour to raise awareness on energy conservation.
What global efforts are being made to address climate change?
Global leaders, organizations, and individuals are contributing to fight climate change.
What is the role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?
The IPCC was set up to assess climate change and its impacts.
What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)?
The UNFCCC aims to stabilize greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
What is the Kyoto Protocol?
The Kyoto Protocol aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and was established in 1997.
What is the Copenhagen Accord?
The Copenhagen Accord is a voluntary pledge by countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
What is the Paris Agreement?
The Paris Agreement is a legally binding instrument aiming to limit global temperature increase.
What are the Millennium Development Goals?
The Millennium Development Goals focus on addressing global issues, including environmental challenges.
What is the Paris Agreement?
A legally binding instrument signed in 2015 by 196 countries in Paris, France, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit the global temperature increase in this century.
What are the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?
Goals focused on addressing global issues, including MDG 7, which covers strategies for addressing environmental challenges due to climate change.
What is Goal 1 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
No Poverty
What is Goal 2 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Zero Hunger
What is Goal 3 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Good Health and Well-being
What is Goal 4 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Quality Education
What is Goal 5 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Gender Equality
What is Goal 6 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Clean Water and Sanitation
What is Goal 7 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Affordable and Clean Energy
What is Goal 8 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Decent Work and Economic Growth
What is Goal 9 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
What is Goal 10 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Reduced Inequalities
What is Goal 11 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Sustainable Cities and Communities
What is Goal 12 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Responsible Consumption and Production
What is Goal 13 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Climate Action
What is Goal 14 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Life Below Water
What is Goal 15 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Life on Land
What is Goal 16 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
What is Goal 17 of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Partnerships for the Goals
What are Mitigation Measures in response to climate change?
Use of renewable energy, efficient use of energy, electrification of industrial processes, eco-friendly transportation, and use of biodegradable packaging.
What are Adaptation Measures in response to climate change?
Natural landscape restoration, preventive measures for disasters, research and development on disaster risk reduction, and building secure facilities and infrastructures.
What is geoengineering?
A large-scale intervention on the planet’s landforms, water bodies, and the atmosphere to reduce the effects of climate change.
