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PARASITOLOGY > Trematodes: Lung Fluke > Flashcards

Trematodes: Lung Fluke Flashcards

1
Q

How many spp of Paragonimus has been identified

A

40

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2
Q

How many spp of Paragonimus is infective to human

A

6

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3
Q

How many percent does P westermani in Asia

A

90%

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4
Q

Common name of P westermani

A

Oriental lung fluke

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5
Q

Paragonimus spp in the PH

A 
P westermani
P siamensis (cats)
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6
Q

First described lung paragonimiasis

A

1879
Ringer
Autopsy in Formosa

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7
Q

First to describe Paragonimus egg in sputum

A

1880
Baelz in Japan
Manson in Formosa

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8
Q

First case of Paragonimiasis in PH

A

1907

Musgrave

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9
Q

Discovered crabs as 2nd IH

A

Nakagawa

1915

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10
Q

Nakagawa in 1917

A

Succeeded to infect Melania liberentine with miracidia

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11
Q

Color of adult Paragonimus
Size
Shape

A

Reddish-brown
7-12 mm x 4-6mm with thickness of 3.5-5mm
Coffee bean

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12
Q

The tegument of the adult paragonimus

A

Covered with single-spaced spines

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13
Q

Describe testesof adult paragonimus

A

Deeply lobed
Located opposite to each other
Almost midway b/n ventral sucjker andposterior boarder

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14
Q

Describe the ovary

A

Located anterior to the testes
Posterior to the ventral sucker
6 long unbranched lobes

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15
Q

Extensively branched

A

Vitellaria

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16
Q

Describe cercaria of paragonimus

A

Ellipsoidal
Small tail
Covered with spines

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17
Q

Present at the dorsal side of the oral sucker of the cercaria

A

Stylet

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18
Q

Describe metacercaria of paragonimus

A

Round

381-457 um

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19
Q

Describe the egg of paragonimus

A 
Yellowish-brown
Oval
80-118um x 48-60um
Flattened but prominent operculum
Posterior aboperculum
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20
Q

Diagnostic stage of Paragonimus

A

Unembryonated egg

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21
Q

Infective stage of Paragonimus

A

Metacercariae

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22
Q

Unembyonated egg embryonates in?

A

Water
Moist soil
Leeched feces

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23
Q

Time it takes for the miracidia to arise

A

2 to 7 weeks

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24
Q

1st intermediate host

A

Snails:
Antemelania asperata
Antemelania dactylus

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25
Inside tye snail, the miracidium passes thru what stages?
One sporocyst | 2 redial devnt stages
26
2nd intermediate host
Mountain crab: | Sundathelphusa philippina
27
Where does the metacercaria excyst?
Duodenum
28
From the intestines where it goes?
Peritoneal cavity- wander and emebed in the abd wall Diaphragm Pleural cavity- look for another juvenile diploid worm
29
Juvenile triploid worms are found in
Japan, Korea, Taiwan
30
Time it takes for the juvenile diploid to become mature worm
6 weeks
31
Completion of devnt of the parasites inside the definitive host
65-90 days
32
Life span
20 years
33
Involved in metacercariae excystation, tissue invasion and immune modulation of the host
Cysteine protease (27 and 28 kD)
34
Where does the Cysteine protease 27 and 28 kD released?
Excretory bladder of the metacercariae
35
Cysteine protease is most abundant in the?
Tegumentum of the newly excysted worms
36
Cysteine protease is able to cleave?
IgG
37
Other cysteine protease expressed
15, 17, 53 kD
38
Most common symptoms of paragonimiasis
Chronic cough | Hemoptysis
39
Serious sequelae of paragonimiasis
Chronic bronchiectasis | Pleural fibrosis
40
Classic forms of ectopic paragonimiasis
Cutaneous and Cerebral
41
Most serious complication
Cerebral
42
Migration form pleural to cranial cavity is thru
Internal jugular vein
43
Migration can cause
Congestion Vasculitis Capillary rupture This may lead to exudative aseptic inflammtion, infarction, hemorrhage and necrosis of subcortical areas
44
Choronic stage of cerebral paragonimiasis
Liquefaction necrosis, and fibrinous gliosis and leads to cortical or subcortical atrophy and secondary ventricular dilation
45
Cerebral paragonimiasis may manifest as
``` Headache Meningismus Seizures Hemiparesis Blurring of vision Diplopia Homonymous hemianopsia Aphasia ```
46
Provides the best sensitivity for microscopic exam
Sputum concn with 3% NaOH with repeated sputum exam up to three times on diff days
47
Seen in chest radiographs
Infiltrative Nodular Cavitating lesions
48
T/F | Eosinophilia is more common in acute stage while IgE levels have no correlation with the stage of the dse
T
49
High sensitivity for both dx amd assessment of cure after therapy
CF
50
Sensitivity of IB and ELISA
IB- 99% | ELISA- 96-99%
51
ELISA detects
Pragonimus specific IgG antibody
52
LAMP
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification DNA polymerase with strand-displacement activity Hot water Mg-pyrophosphate
53
Seen in the CT and MRI of cerebral pragonimiasis
Conglomerated, mulitiple, ring-enhancing lesions | Grape-cluster appearance
54
Skull radiographs from cerebral paragonimiasis
Soap bubble calcifications
55
Drug of choice
Praziquantel
56
Praziquantel given at what age
Above 4 y/o
57
Praziquantel dose
25 mg/kg 3x a day for 2 to 3 days
58
Praziquantel vs breastfeeding
Do not breastfeed during tx or 72 H after tx
59
Benzamidazole originally used for Fasciola hepatica
Triclabendazole
60
Triclabendazole MOA
Binds to B-Tubulins of trematodes leading to the disruption and depolymerisation of the microtubule-based process
61
Used for better patient compliance bec only single dose/day
Triclabendazole
62
Can be used as an alternative drug
Bithionol
63
Epidemiology Infected people At risk
20. 7M infected | 292. 8M at risk
64
Places in the PH where Paragonimiasis is endemic
Mindoro, Sorsogon, Leyte Samar, Zamboanga del Norte, Davo Oriental Cotabato, Basilan, Camarines
65
In 1950s and 1960s why is it that children are infected in JPN
Cray fish juice for cutaneous ailments
66
Cameroon epidem
Adolescent women Of Bakossi | Crabs aid in fertility

PARASITOLOGY (2 decks)

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