Trematodes

Question 1

Lizard fluke

Answer 1

Platynosomum fastosum (P. Concinnum)

Question 2

Lung fluke

Answer 2

Paragominus kellicotti

Question 3

Salmon poison fluke and associated disease causing pathogen

Answer 3

Nanophyetus salmincola And neoriketsia helminoika

Question 4

Canine blood fluke

Answer 4

Heterobilharzia americana

Question 5

Snail to tadpole to lungs and mammary tissue name

Answer 5

Alaris spp.

Question 6

ID trematodes and egg

Answer 6

flat/UNSEGMENTED

Ventral acetabulum

2 blind ceca

hermaphrodites (except shistosome)

opercalated egg (except shistosome)

Question 7

Trematodes life cycle

Answer 7

Indirect (most 2 IH with 1st being snail)

miracidium released from opercalated egg in ENV –> infect snail become sporocyst–> redia –> circaria which either

pentrates the DH directly (no metacercaria) or

ingested/penetrate 2nd IH or encysted on vegetation –> metacercaria (infective stage when ingested by DH)

Question 8

infective stage of 1st IH (snail)

Answer 8

miracidium (penetrates)

Question 9

infective stage of 2nd IH

Answer 9

cercaria

either:

ingested/penetrate 2nd IH and encyst

encyst on vegetation

(penetration of DH)

Question 10

Flukes true infective stage (of DH)

Answer 10

metacercaria

via ingestion of encysted vegetation or 2nd IH

Question 11

Platynosomum fastosum IH and DH

Answer 11

1 IH: TERESTRIAL SNAIL

2 IH: Anolis lizard

DH: Cat (BILE DUCT)

Question 12

Treatment of Trematodes

Answer 12

Praziquantel / Fenbendazone (high doses)

(non approved)

Question 13

Paragonimus kellicotti IH and DH

Answer 13

1 IH: freshwater snail

2 IH: crayfish

DH: dog/cat/mink LUNGS

Question 14

Pathogenesis of Paragonimus kellicotti (larval migrans and adult)

Answer 14

migration: esoinophilic peritonitis, pleural hemmorage

Adult: chronic bronchitis, granulomatous pnemonia, ect.

Question 15

Nanophyetus salmincola IH and DH

Answer 15

1 IH: AQUATIC snail

2 IH: fish (trout/salmon) kindey/Muscle/fin

DH:pescitarians (dog cat mammals) HUMANS* SI CRYPTS

Question 16

Nanophyetus salmincola pathogenesis

Answer 16

adults often minimal +/- enteritis

** BUT carriers of Neorickettsia helminthoeca (protazoa) = salmon poisoning

= fever anorexia v+ d+ (90% mortaltity 2w w/o tx)

Question 17

Best diagnostics for trematodes

Answer 17

Fecal sedimetnation

Question 18

differences of the shistosomes (heterobilharzia americana) vs other trematodes

(sex-ID/egg/ gross/ location)

Answer 18

True male and femal (dioeceious)

male with gynecophoric canal to carry female

NON OPERCULATED EGG - lateral/termnal spine

inhabit blood vessles

grossly appear round like nematodes

Question 19

Diagnosing heterobilharzia americana

Answer 19

sediment with 0.9% saline (instead of water)

+/- float

PCR tissues / Histo

Question 20

Heterobilharzia americana IH and DH

Answer 20

1 IH: freshwater snail

DH: RACOON, dog bobcat horse MESENTERIC HEPATIC VEIN

Question 21

trematodes with zoonotic potential

Answer 21

nanophyetus salmincola (DH) in SI crytps

Heterobilharzia americana (DH) -penetration by cercaria hepatic/mesenteric veins

Question 22

infection of DH (racoon, dog, bobcat, human) by Heterobilharzia americana

Answer 22

DIRECT penetation of CERCARIA (no intermediate host!*)

Question 23

pathogenesis of Heterobilharzia americana

Answer 23

usually asymptomatic but

larvae: +/- cercarial dermatitis at site of penetration = skin rash with pustular eruptions (swimmmers itch)

eggs in tissue/to SI lumen: granulomatous infalmation, calcification

Question 24

Alaria spp. IH and DH

(+ life cycle)

Answer 24

1 IH: freshwater snail (miracidium)

2 IH: tadpole

(Paratenic H: frog snake bird)

DH: dog/cat

male/female: ingest 2 IH/PH MESOCERCARIAE penetrate diaphragm –> lungs METACERCARIAE up trachea swallowed self infect

vs lactating cat MESOCERCARIAE migrate mammary glands shed in milk –> adults in kittens (some mesocercaria remain will infect future litters)

Question 25

What larval stage migrates to mamarry tissue in lactating queens

Answer 25

mesocercaria

(mature to adults in kitten)

Question 26

pathogenesis of Alaris spp.

Answer 26

adults usually non pathogenic

migrating juvenile: pulmonary hemmorage