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Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Hermaphrodite except

A

Schistosomes

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2
Q

Infective stage

A

Metacercaria in 2nd intermediate host

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3
Q

Schistosome infective stage

A

Cercaria

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4
Q

1st intermediate host

A

Snail

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5
Q

Blood flukes

A

Schistosomes in mesenteric veins

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6
Q

Liver flukes

A

COF

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7
Q

Intestine flukes

A

FEH

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8
Q

Opistorchis and clonorchis 2nd IH

A

Fish

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9
Q

Clonorchis diagnostic

A

Embryonated egg

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10
Q

Liver flukes excyst in

A

Duodenum

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11
Q

Clonorchis sinensis other names

A

Chinese or oriental liver fluke

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12
Q

Metacercaria found in

A

2nd IH

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13
Q

2nd IH clonorchis

A

Fresh water fish cyprinidae

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14
Q

Adult clonorchis

A

12-25 mm long x

3-5mm wide

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15
Q

Difference of Clonorchis to Opistorchis

A

Testes
Clonorchis - 2 branched in tandem
Opistorchis - oblique lobate testes
O. Viverrini - close and deeply lobulated

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16
Q

C. Sinensis stain

A

Carmine

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17
Q

C. Sinensis juvenile adults reach bile ducts by?

A

4-7 hours

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18
Q

C. Sinensis produce eggs when?

A

After 1 month

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19
Q

C. Sinensis feeds on?

A

Tissue fluids, red blood cells, mucus

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20
Q

Eggs of C. Sinensis

A 
Yellow brown ovoid
26-30um x 15-17um
distinct operculum
Protuberance at abopercular end
Well developed miracidium
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21
Q

Eggs hatch where?

A

Inside snail

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22
Q

C. Sinensis snails

A 
Parafossarulus manchoricus
Bulimus striatulus
Semisulcospira
Alcocinma longicornis
Thiara granifera
Melanoides tuberculatus
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23
Q

Miracidium inside snail turns into sporocyst by?

A

4 hrs

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24
Q

After ___ days will sporocyst asexually reproduce to produce redia?

A

20

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25
Sporocyst is found in
Intestine wall
26
Redia will asexually reproduce to produce?
50 cercaria
27
Redia travels to ___ while cercaria is developing
Hepatopancreas
28
Cercaria leaves snail host ___ month after infection of snail by eggs
1 month
29
Cercaria loses tail while penetrating 2nd IH. It then encysts after ___ days
35
30
Most common sign of liver fluke
Hepatomegaly
31
Clinical features of liver fluke
``` Gallstones If symptomatic... RUQ pain Diarrhea Loss of appetite Indigestion and fullness ```
32
Most important liver fluke complication
Cholangiocarcinoma
33
Lab diagnosis of liver flukes
Eggs in feces 1. Kato thick smear 2. Stoll's dilution 3. Formalin technique
34
Liver fluke treatment
Praziquantel 25mg/kg, 3 doses for 2 days 60mg/kg 3 doses one day + albendazole - ascaris, hookworm, trichuris
35
Liver fluke prevention
Sanitation Cook fish properly x molluscicidea
36
Epidemiology
C. sinensis - China 15M, Viet, Kor O. viverrini - SEA, Thailand 6M Khon Kaen - liver cancer Davao - opistorchiasis
37
Fasciola hepatica other name
Sheep liver fluke
38
Fasciola gigantica liver fluke
Tropical liver fluke
39
Fasciola 90% in
Tropical countries
40
MOT of fasciola
Metacercaria ingested in raw vegetation, penetrate intestine (duodenum) into peritoneal cavity then liver, mature in biliary duct of liver
41
Fasciola eggs are shed ___ weeks after infection
8-12
42
Fasciola miracidium days to mud snail
10-12 days
43
Fasciola cercaria weeks to vegetation
5-7 weeks
44
Fasciola hepatica 2nd IH
Water plants (watercress)
45
Fasciola diagnostic stage
Unembryonated egg
46
Other def hosts of Fasciola
Sheep and cattle
47
Fasciola snails
Galba Fossaria Pseudosuccinea Lymnaeidae (Phil)
48
Maturation of metacercaria to adult takes ____
3-4 months
49
Adult fasciola
Fasciola hepatica - 30mm x 13 mm with cephalic cone and prominent shoulder Fasciola gigantica - 75mm shoulder less developed
50
Fasciola acute phase
Migration of immature fluke to liver parenchyma Lasts for months
51
Fasciola chronic phase
Adult fluke in bile ducts Up to 10 years
52
Fasciola ectopic infection
Intestine, lungs, sq, pharynx
53
Pseudofasciolosis
Eating infected liver
54
When to use antibody detection test for fasciola
Early invasive stages when eggs are not in stool, or if ectopic
55
Inmunofluorescence if?
Direct observation is negative
56
Treatment of fasciola
Triclabendazole | Bithionol alternative
57
Fasciola prevention
6% vinegar or potassium permanganate for 5-10 minutes will destroy metacercaria Molluscides for Lymnaea snails and also schistosoma Chemotherapy
58
Humans are only accidental hosts of?
Fasciola hepatica
59
Epidemiology Fasciola
F. hepatica - Europe, ME, Asia F. gigantica - Asia, Africa, Hawaii
60
3rd sucker
Heterophyids
61
Bilharzia
Schistosomiasis 185dripping penis
62
Schisto flourish in
Freshwater
63
Schisto mansoni is found in
Africa and Madagascar | Central and South America
64
Schisto haematobium in
Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, Mauritius urinary schisto
65
Schisto japonicum in
China, Philippines
66
Schisto mansoni and japonicum cause disease of
Bowel and liver
67
Male schisto
Rolled leaf with groove on ventral part for female (gynaecophoric canal) Lamelliform or scalelike
68
Female schisto
Longer slender
69
Schisto may live for ____ but normal span is _____
30 years, 3-5 years
70
Female schisto lay eggs in
Terminal venules of tissue
71
Schisto snails
S. haematobium - Bulinus S. mansoni - Biomphalaria S. japonicum - Oncomelania
72
Fork tailed cercaria of schisto
Infective 200-500um
73
Cercaria dies within ____ if there is no suitable host
24-48 days
74
Schisto cercaria that enters circulation
Schistosomule
75
Schistosomule reaches liver through the lungs. It feeds and grows and develops ____ after into a mature fluke in the portal vein.
1-3 months
76
Clinical schisto
Itchy papular rash
77
Acute schisto
Febrile 4 weeks after infection Ag-Ab complex Urticaria, diarrhea, hepatosplenomegaly, cough, wheeze
78
Retained egg cause
Granuloma
79
S. haematobium diagnosis
Urine sedimentation Urine filtration 10am - 2pm
80
S. mansoni and japonicum diagnosis
``` Direct smear Formol-ether Thiomersal Iodine and formil glycerol Mod kato smear Biopsy ```
81
Schisto immunodiagnosis
Positive 3mos after infection
82
Schisto radio
Calcification of bladder
83
Schisto treatment
Praziquantel 40mg/kg single dose 60mg/kg 2 div doses
84
Metriphonate active against
S. haematobium
85
Oxamniquine against
S. mansoni
86
Artimisinine
Schisto
87
Marisa cornurietis snail from puerto rico against
Schistosomes
88
Locations in veins of schisto
Japonicum - SMV of small intestine Mansoni- SMV of large intestine Haematobium - bladder venous plexus and rectal venule

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