Trematodes Flashcards
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1
Q
Are generally flat, unsegmented, leaf shaped worm
A
trematodes (fluke)
2
Q
Are generally flat, unsegmented, leaf shaped worm except
A
schistosomes (cylindrical)
3
Q
hermaphrodite
A
liver flukes, lung flukes
4
Q
two sexes fluke
A
blood fluke
5
Q
Clonorchis
A
10-25mm
6
Q
Metorchis
A
4mm
7
Q
Fasciola
A
30mm
8
Q
Metagonimus
A
2.5mm
9
Q
Paragonimus
A
7-16mm
10
Q
Fasciola
A
30mm
11
Q
surrounding mouth at
anterior
A
Muscular oral sucker
12
Q
One or more suckers on
ventral surface called
A
“ventral sucker,” “posterior sucker,” or acetabulum
13
Q
consists of
mouth and esophagus
divides to “Y“ shaped
A
Digestive tract
14
Q
yolk and eggshell producing organs connected to ovaries.
A
Vitellaria
15
Q
Most adult digenetic trematodes
are
A
monoecious (a
single organism
contains both male
(blue) and female
(orange) reproductive
organs)
16
Q
separate sex
A
Schistosomes.;dieces
17
Q
Require at least two hosts
A
digenetic
18
Q
are endoparasites of vertebrates
A
Adults
19
Q
- First intermediate host
A
mollusc
20
Q
Free living, ciliated larva seeks the
intermediate host
A
- Miracidium
21
Q
Loses larval characteristics, grows in the blood of molluscs and produces germ balls
A
Sporocyst
22
Q
Sporocyct develops into active, feeding larval stage with the germballs
A
Redia
23
Q
Free swimming larva that leaves the mollusc and enters the definitive host where it
develops into an adult
A
Cercaria
24
Q
Encycted (waiting) stage in second
intermediate host until it is eaten by the definitive host, where it develops into an adult
A
Metacercaria
25
Liver fluke.
F. hepatica
– F. gigantica
– O. vivereni
– C. sinensis
26
Intestinal fluke
– F buski
– H. hetrophyes
– M. yokogawai
27
* Lung fluke
– P. westermani
28
Blood fluke
– S. mansoni
– S. hematobium
– S. japonicum
– S. intrecalatum
– S. mekongi
29
FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI (GIANT INTESTINAL FLUKE)
* Infective stage
ingestion of raw aquatic vegetation (ex.
Water chestnuts) with encysted metacercaria
30
FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI (GIANT INTESTINAL FLUKE)
* Diagnostic stage
detect characteristic eggs in feces (eggs resemble F. hepatica); very large egg with small operculum
31
FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI (GIANT INTESTINAL FLUKE) Clinical disease
a. Diarrhea, epigastric pain
b. Symptoms relate to number of worms present
32
FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI (GIANT INTESTINAL FLUKE) found in
Asia
33
FASCIOLA HEPATICA (SHEEP LIVER FLUKE)
* Infective stage
– ingestion of raw aquatic vegetation (Ex.
Water chestnuts) with encysted metacercaria
34
FASCIOLA HEPATICA (SHEEP LIVER FLUKE)
* diagnostic stage
detect characteristic eggs in feces (eggs resemble F. buski)
35
Stages of trematodes life cycle
ova or egg, miracidium, sporocyst, rediae, cercariae, metacercaria, adult
36
Contains miracidium inside shell
OVA OR EGG
37
small ciliated, swimming form that hatches from egg
MIRACIDIUM
37
Usually have an operculum or spine
OVA OR EGG
38
May pass in feces either
‣ with miracidium developed
‣ with only a morula present
39
‣In some species do not hatch until eaten by snail host.
MIRACIDIUM
39
May hatch in water and seek snail and penetrate snail
MIRACIDIUM
39
May be fully developed when passed or develop outside of host
MIRACIDIUM
40
‣In this case, it contains penetration glands that release histolytic or proteolytic enzymes to help penetrate snail
MIRACIDIUM
41
The miracidium develops into
______ often in the _____ of the snail.
SPOROCYST, digestive gland
42
is an embryonic bag
or germinal sac that has asexual
reproduction occurring.
sporocyst
43
will produce many daughter stages called ____ or in some cases ____. The term daughter has nothing to do with gender
rediae, daughter sporocysts
44
-Contains germ balls
REDIAE
45
Larval stage in snail with precursor gut and oral sucker
REDIAE
46
Some germ balls asexually reproduce to yield more of the same (daughter rediae) and others transform into next larval stage (cercariae)
REDIAE
47
Some species they can live for many years.
REDIAE
48
Infective swimming stage that develops in mollusk
CERCARIAE
49
These usually die within 24 hours of release if not in proper place
CERCARIAE
49
tail morphologies
Furcocercus, Microcercus, Lophocercus, Pleurolophocercus
49
forked tail as in Schistosomes species
Furcocercus
50
Leave the snail to find next host to penetrate or to encyst in or on another host or a substrate to be eaten by final host
CERCARIAE
51
large fluted tail as in Clonorichis, Heterophyes, Fasciola, Fasciolobsis, Metagonimus
Lophocercus
52
short stumpy and rudimentary tail as in Paragonimus westermani
Microcercus
53
long tail with fin folds as in Opisthorchis
Pleurolophocercus
54
This larval stage is the end stage cercaria, tail is shed, and the juvenile fluke is within a resistant wall secreted by the fluke
METACERCARIA
55
Cercaria that have this stage contain cytogenic glands that help the organism encyst on vegetation.
METACERCARIA
56
Cercaria that form ____ in second intermediate hosts, often have penetration glands that enable them to penetrate the second intermediate host.
metacercaria
57
Always found in the definitive host
ADULT
58
Often restricted to specific regions of host.
ADULT
58
Responsible for sexual reproduction
ADULT
58
Often very host specific.
ADULT
59
FASCIOLA HEPATICA (SHEEP LIVER FLUKE) CLINICAL DISEASE
a. Larvae elicit inflammatory response in liver during migration
b. Obstructive jaundice, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, eosinophilia
60
are reservoir hosts; therefore, high incidence in sheep raising countries. (FASCIOLA HEPATICA)
Sheep and cattle
61
CLONORCHIS SINENSIS (CHINESE LIVER FLUKE) Infective stage
ingestion of raw fish infected with metacercaria
62
CLONORCHIS SINENSIS (CHINESE LIVER FLUKE) Diagnostic stage
demonstration of characteristic eggs in feces (operculated with shoulders and small comma – shaped appendage at abopercular end)
62
Found in Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan and Vietnam
CLONORCHIS SINENSIS (CHINESE LIVER FLUKE)
62
PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI (ORIENTAL LUNG FLUKE) Infective stage
ingestion of raw crustacea (crabs, crawfish, etc.) infected with metacercaria
63
PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI (ORIENTAL LUNG FLUKE) Diagnostic stage
demonstrate characteristic egg in feces or sputum
64
PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI (ORIENTAL LUNG FLUKE) egg may appear
macroscopically in sputum as reddish-brown flecks resembling iron filings); (operculated with shoulders and thick abopercular shell)
65
PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI (ORIENTAL LUNG FLUKE) Clinical disease
-Light infections asymptomatic
-High eosinophilia
-Chronic cough and abundant mucus in heavy infections
66
Found in Japan, Korea, China, Philippines, and Southeast Asia
PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI (ORIENTAL LUNG FLUKE)
67
Most important trematode in man because of severity of infection
SCHISTOMES (BLOOD FLUKES)
68
Separate male and female adult worms
SCHISTOMES (BLOOD FLUKES)
69
Adult blood flukes live in venules
venules
70
in mesenteric venules in bladder venules
S. japonicum and S. mansoni
71
in bladder venules
S. haematobium
72
Adult flukes live in venules may live
4-35 years
73
SCHISTOMES (BLOOD FLUKES) intermediate host
snail
74
SCHISTOMES (BLOOD FLUKES) Infective stage
cercariae in water directly penetrate skin of man (definitive host)
75
SCHISTOMES (BLOOD FLUKES) Diagnostic stage
demonstration of characteristic egg in feces or urine
75
may NOT be seen in flotation techniques (large egg may sink)
S. haematobium
76
Found in Western hemisphere
SCHISTOMES (BLOOD FLUKES)
76
Eggs possess a characteristic spine (used to speciate)
SCHISTOMES (BLOOD FLUKES)
77
conspicuous lateral spine
S. mansoni
78
inconspicuous lateral knob
S. japonicum
79
terminal spine
S. haematobium
79
Hematuria
S. haematobium
80
SCHISTOMES (BLOOD FLUKES) clinical disease
-Progressive chronic inflammatory disease involving liver, small intestine, large intestine and bladder
-“Swimmer’s” Itch – dermatitis due to skin penetration of cercariae from birds and other mammals; seen in US
-High eosinophilia
-Hematuria (S. haematobium)
-Bloody diarrhea (S. mansoni and S. japonicum)
81
dermatitis due to skin penetration of cercariae from birds and other mammals; seen in US
“Swimmer’s” Itch
82
Bloody diarrhea
S. mansoni and S. japonicum
