TREMATODES

Question 1

is an infection of humans
and other mammals by trematodes of the
genus Paragonimus

Answer 1

Paragonimiasis

Question 2

In the Philippines, __ is also the major species that causes
paragonimiasis in humans.

Answer 2

P. westermani

Question 3

The only other
species in the Philippines is __ which
has only been identified in cats

Answer 3

P. siamensis,

Question 4

observed the first case of
pulmonary paragonimiasis in humans during
an autopsy in Formosa

Answer 4

Ringer

Question 5

in Japan and Manson (1880) in Formosa
identified Paragonimus ova in human sputum.

Answer 5

Baelz

Question 6

described the first case of
human paragonimiasis in the Philippines.

Answer 6

Musgrave (1907)

Question 7

resembles coffee bean

Answer 7

P. westermani

Question 8

1st IH of P. westermani

Answer 8

Antemelania asperata and Antemelania dactylus

Question 9

Antemelania asperata and Antemelania
dactylus, the former previously known as

Answer 9

Brotia asperata

Question 10

2nd IH of P. Westermani

Answer 10

Sundathelphusa philippina

Question 11

Sundathelphusa philippina
formerly known as

Answer 11

Parathelphusa
grapsoides.

Question 12

have been found to
play an important role in the development of
young parasites because of their involvement in
the metacercarial excystment, tissue invasion,
and immune modulation of the host

Answer 12

Cysteine proteases

Question 13

This fasciolid digenetic trematode is the
largest intestinal fluke of humans and pigs

Answer 13

Fasciolopsis buski

Question 14

CN of Fasciola Hepatica

Answer 14

(Sheeps Liver fluke)

Question 15

CN of Fasciola Gigantica

Answer 15

(Giant Liver fluke)

Question 16

1st IH of FASCIOLA HEPATICA / GIGANTICA

Answer 16

Lymnea philippinensis
- Lymnea swinhoe
- Radix rubiginosa (snails)

Question 17

2nd IH of FASCIOLA HEPATICA / GIGANTICA

Answer 17

Ipomoea aquatica (Kangkong/ Swamp Cabbage)
- Ipomoea obscura (Obscure morning glory)
- Nasturtium officionale (watercress)

Question 18

Reservoir host of FASCIOLA HEPATICA / GIGANTICA

Answer 18

Sheep/cattle

Question 19

yellow brown
Large, ovoid, operculated (Hen’s egg)

Answer 19

FASCIOLA HEPATICA / GIGANTICA

Question 20

Laryngopharyngitis due to eating raw infected liver of sheep or goat > young adults attach to pharynx > may cause asphyxia

Answer 20

Halzoun (Pharyngeal Fascioliasis)

Question 21

DX of FASCIOLA HEPATICA / GIGANTICA

Answer 21

Recovery of eggs
- FAST (Falcon Assay Screening Test) “secretory - excretory antigen in serum”

Question 22

CN of FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

Answer 22

Giant Intestinal Fluke

Question 23

1st IH of FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

Answer 23

Segmentina
- Hippeutis

Question 24

2nd IH of FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

Answer 24

• Trapa bicornis (water caltrop)
• Eliocharis tuberosa (water chestnut)
• Ipomoea obscura
• Nymphaea lotus

Question 25

final host of FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

Answer 25

- Man - Pigs

Question 26

CN of Clonorchis Sinensis

Answer 26

Chinese / Oriental Liver Fluke

Question 27

1st IH of Clonorchis Sinensis

Answer 27

- Parafossarulus - Bulimus - Alcocinma - Thiara - Melanoides

Question 28

2nd IH of Clonorchis Sinensis

Answer 28

carps and minnows)

Question 29

Final host of Clonorchis Sinensis

Answer 29

Man

Question 30

“Old fashioned electric bulb” shape

Answer 30

Clonorchis Sinensis

Question 31

CN of OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS & OPISTHORCHIS VIVERRINI

Answer 31

Cat liver fluke

Question 32

1st IH of OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS & OPISTHORCHIS VIVERRINI

Answer 32

Bithynia leachi

Question 33

2nd IH of OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS & OPISTHORCHIS VIVERRINI

Answer 33

(carps and minnows)

Question 34

CN of ECHINOSTOMA ILOCANUM

Answer 34

Garrison’s fluke

Question 35

(dumbbell shaped) testes

Answer 35

ECHINOSTOMA ILOCANUM

Question 36

1st IH of ECHINOSTOMA ILOCANUM

Answer 36

- Gyraulus convexiusculus - Hippeutis umbilicus

Question 37

2nd IH of ECHINOSTOMA ILOCANUM

Answer 37

pila luzonica (kuhol) / pila conica

Question 38

germ ball ova

Answer 38

ECHINOSTOMA ILOCANUM

Question 39

CN of HETEROPHYES HETEROPHYES

Answer 39

heterophyd worm

Question 40

Smallest yet deadliest trematode

Answer 40

HETEROPHYES HETEROPHYES

Question 41

1st IH of HETEROPHYES HETEROPHYES

Answer 41

- Melanoides juncea -Thiara riquetti

Question 42

2nd IH of HETEROPHYES HETEROPHYES

Answer 42

chanos chanos (milkfish/bangus)

Question 43

smallest eggs, rounded, embryonated, golden brown, oval w/ flattened operculum

Answer 43

HETEROPHYES HETEROPHYES

Question 44

Cn of PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI

Answer 44

oriental lung fluke

Question 45

1st IH of PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI

Answer 45

- Brotia asperata - Antemelania asperata

Question 46

2nd IH of PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI

Answer 46

- Parathelphusa grapsoides - Sundathelpusa philippina (talangka)

Question 47

DX of P. westermani

Answer 47

Sputum exam

Question 48

2 suckers of trematodes

Answer 48

Oral sucker Ventral sucker (acetabulum)

Question 49

infective stage of trematodes

Answer 49

Metacercaria = INFECTIVE STAGE (EXC Schistosoma spp.

Question 50

MOT of Trematodes

Answer 50

Ingestion

Question 51

CLASSIFICATION OF TREMATODES ACCORDING TO ORGAN OF ATTACHMENT:

Answer 51

Oral suckers Ventral suckers

Question 52

ACCORDING TO HABITAT:

Answer 52

Blood fluke - Schistosoma spp Lung fluke - P. westermani Liver & Bile flukes - Fasciola, Clonorchis, Opistorchis Intestinal flukes - Fasciolopsis, Echinostoma, Heterophyids

Question 53

Blood flukes

Answer 53

schistosoma spp

Question 54

lung fluke

Answer 54

p. westermani

Question 55

Liver & Bile flukes x

Answer 55

Fasciola, Clonorchis, Opistorchis

Question 56

Intestinal flukes -

Answer 56

Fasciolopsis, Echinostoma, Heterophyids

Question 57

Immature eggs

Answer 57

Paragonimus, Fasciolopsis, Echinostoma, Fasciola

Question 58

mature eggs

Answer 58

Schistosoma, Clonorchis, Opistorchis, Heterophyids

Question 59

LIFE CYCLE OF TREMATODES:

Answer 59

Egg > (Larval stages) Miracidium > Sporocyst > Redia > Cercaria > Metacercaria > Adult