Trees and Shrubs Flashcards
Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
WAP Zone: OD
Tree
Leaves: opposite with reddish petioles, usually 3 lobed with coarse teeth
Bark: smooth, light gray
False indigobush (Amorpha fruticosa)
WAP Zone: T
Shrub
Height: Up to 9ft tall
Leaves: alternate, pinnately compound with a terminal leaflet
Leaflet: entire; blunt tipped; midvein extended as a short abrupt point; many
Flowers: terminal racemes, dark purple, corolla appears tubular but is single petal
Stamens: yellow from corolla
Groundsel tree (Baccharis spp.)
WAP Zone: AD
Shrub
Leaves: alternate, dark green, shallow lobes, course teeth, punctated glands on leaves, Flowers: stalked
American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana)
WAP Zone: U
Shrub
Stems: long with few branches, pubescent
Leaves: opposite,, crenate=serrated stiff hairs,
Flowers: clusters in lead axils, light pink
Fruit: purple pink
Sugarberry (Celtis laevigata)
WAP Zone: T
Deciduous tree
Leaves: alternate, based lopsided, lanceolate with a drawn-out tip, small teeth point toward leaf tip; 3 strong veins from base
Bark: corky growths
Common buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)
WAP Zone: D
Height: 10 ft tall
Branches: arching
Leaves: 3 opposite (whorled on new growth), glabrous (no hair), no teeth
Veins: ladder-like, sunken below surface, do not extend to leaf edge
Flowers: dense, round, white head
Fruits: hard balls (buttons)
Camphortree (Cinnamomum camphora)
WAP Zone: U
Shrub
Height: up to 10 ft tall
Twigs: green
Leaves: alternate, evergreen, shiny, stiff, entire, no hairs; smell when crushed ; yellow mid-rib
Flowers: small, white; teardrop shaped, stiff, with drawn out tip
Swamp dogwood (Cornus foemina)
WAP Zone: OD
Tree: small, multi stemmed
Leaves: opposite, 1-4 cm wide, bases equal, veins pinnate and bend up into parallel edge, stretchy veins
Flowers: white, 4-parted, spreading clustered
Fruit: blue drupe
Common persimmon (Diospyros virginiana)
WAP Zone: AD
Small tree
Leaves: alternate, entire (not toothed), strong central vein; hairy when young, shiny and glabrous when older; no smell; black spots , veins form net pattern on bottom
Bark: square to rectangular, flat topped and separated by deep furrow
Coralbean (Erythrina herbacea)
WAP Zone: U
Leggy shrub
Leaves: alternate, compound with three leaflets with earlike basal lobes
Stems: spiny, often reddish when young
Flowers: Terminal spikes, bilateral, red, showy
Fruit: a pod with red seeds (beans)
Pop ash (Fraxinus caroliniana)
WAP Zone: D
Small tree, often with multiple trunks
Leaves: opposite, pinnately compound, 5-7 leaflets, usually entire sometimes with teeth, leaflets typically roundish
Fruit: samara with wing wider than the seed
Lobollybay (Gordonia lasianthus)
WAP Zone: OD
Large tree
Leaves: alternate, evergreen, sparsely toothed, green on bottom, not aromatic
Flower: white, large
Bark: rich brown, deeply furrowed, flat plates
Peelbark St. John’s-wort (Hypericum fasiculatum)
WAP Zone: OD
Shrub
Typically: about 4 ft tall
Stems: branched
Leaves: very narrow, needle-like, edges, rolled and on short branches forming fascicles
Flowers: yellow, five petals, many stamens, pinwheel shape
Myrtleleaf St. Johns-wort (Hypericum myrtifolium)
WAP Zone: T
Small shrub (3 ft tall)
Stem: single at base, loosely branched near top
Leaves: opposite, sessile, ovate-triangular
Flowers: yellow, five petals, not in pinwheel
Speals: large, leafy, five, remain even after flowers fall off
Fourpetal St. John’s-wort (Hypericum tetrapetalum)
WAP Zone: AD
Small shrub (3 ft tall)
Open branched, not bushy
Leaves: opposite, broadly ovate, clasp the stem sessile
Flowers: yellow, four petals, form a right-angle cross
Spelas: two pairs; outer larger pair, completely encloses petals before opening, looks like praying hands
Flower: single, end of branches
Dahoon holly (Ilex cassine)
WAP Zone: OD
Medium sized tree
Leaves: evergreen, leathery, alternate, margins generally entire; bottom is smooth and green
Bark: pale, smooth
Branches: long, twisted
Flowers: white, unisexual
Fruit: red drupe
Gallberry (Ilex glabra)
WAP Zone: AD
Shrub (3 ft tall); Clonal
Leaves: alternate, thick, dark green, evergreen, few blunt tips near tip
Flowers: white
Fruits: black drupe
Virginia-willow; sweet spire (Itea virginica)
WAP: OD
Shrub: 8 ft with slender stems
Leaves: alternate, deciduous, slender, finely serrated, prominent veins on underside
Flowers: white, slender, bottle-brush shaped racemes at end of branches; blooms in late spring
Fruit: persistent capsule
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
WAP Zone: T
Large tree: straight trunk
Twigs: corky wings
Leaves: alternate, 5-lobed (star-shaped), fine teeth along edge; older leaves purple black,
Bark: pale bark, deep furrows; separating narrow, round-tipped, scaley ridges, broken into small blocks
Fruit: spiny ball of capsules
Peruvian primrosewillow (Ludwigia peruviana)
WAP Zone: OD
Large shrub
Leaves: alternate, fuzzy, not toothed; midveins ladder-like and bend upward along edge
Flowers: large, yellow, 4 -petals (possibly 5)
Fetterbush (Lyonia lucidia)
WAP Zone: T
Shrub (4ft)
Leaves: evergreen, alternate, thick, yellow margins, lateral veins not obvious
Flowers: hang downward from nodes, pink-white, urn shaped, united petals
Fruit: capsule
Sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana)
WAP Zone: OD
Tree
Leaves: alternate, bright to dark green top, white bottom,
Bark: whitish, smooth
Twigs: dark green, almost black, cone-shaped terminal bud
Flowers: cream/white, large, 9-12 petals, many yellow stamens and pistols
Fruit: cone-like structure
Punktree (Melaleuca quinquenervia)
WAP Zone: AD
Tree: dense strands
Leaves: alternate, parallel main veins
Bark: white, peels
Fruit: develop in clusters halfway down branch; round, woody, cup-like structure
Wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera)
WAP Zone: AD
Large shrub
Leaves: alternate, narrow, a few teeth near tip; amber color dots on leaves
Flowers: small, woody, cone-like clusters (catkins) in leaf axis directly from stems; mature into waxy fruits
Swamp tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora)
WAP Zone: D
Tree: swollen base with when growing in area with seasonal water pool
Leaves: variable. longer than wide, often with dark spots; old leaves turn bright red
Bark: tightly furrowed
Flowers: inconspicuous
Fruit: blue-black drupe, pairs
Cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea)
WAP Zone: T
Large fern: grows in clumps
Veins: not reticulate, light
Fronds: separate fertile frons, cinnamon colored
Petiole: straw colored, woody reddish brown hairs when young
Swamp bay (Persea palustris)
WAP Zone: OD
Small to medium tree: evergreen
Bark: brown, rough
Leaves: alternate, thick; bottom has fuzzy hairs that stand up; top is glabrous and green with yellow midrib and pointed tip; insect galls
Fruit: drupe
Flower: inconspicuous
Sand pine (Pinus clausa)
WAP Zone: U
Tree: medium, evergreen
Needles: fine, short, 2 per fascicle, often twisted
Cones: small, closed
Slash pine (Pinus elliottii)
WAP Zone: AD
Tree: large, evergreen
Needles: 2-3 per fascicle,
Young shoots: candles, beige and small
Cones: egg shaped, prickly, open and full from tree when mature
Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)
WAP Zone: U
Tree: large, evergreen
Needles: always 3 per fascicle, long
Young shoots: candles, large and white neat tip
Cones: large, long, prickly; open and fall from tree when mature
Strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum)
WAP Zone: AD
Shrub: large
Leaves: opposite, thick with obvious midvein
Petiole short with scurfy pubescence
Lauerl oak (Quercus laurifolia)
WAP Zone: T
Tree: large
Trunk: straight
Branches: well above ground
Leaves: alternate, widest in middle forming a narrow diamond, bottom green, flat with few hairs
Buds: pointed, many scales
Bark: smooth when young; furrowed in old age with broad flat ridges
Water oak (Quercus nigra)
WAP Zone: T
Tree
Leaves: alternate, variable, wider toward tip, spoon shaped, lower surface green
Buds: pointed
Fruit: acorn
Live oak (Quercus virginiana)
WAP Zone: U
Tree
Branches: close to ground, trunk and branches often lean
Leaves: dark green, thick, usually with round tips, somewhat rolled under on edges; veins appear sunken below surface; bottom grey green
Buds: rounded
Sawtooth blackberry (Rubus argutus/ betulifolium)
WAP: AD
Shrub: sprawling, arching
Stems: prickly ridged
Leaves: alternate, trifoliate or palmate, veins sunken, pinnate, edges serrate,
Flower: white, 5 petals, may stamens, many stigmas
Fruit: blackberry
Carolina willow (Salix caroliniana)
Elderberry (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis/ canadensis)
Chinese tallowtree ((Sapium sebiferum)
Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia)
Corkwood (Stillingia aquatica)
Cypress (Taxodium spp.)
American elm (Ulmus americana)
Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corybosum)
Shiny blueberry (Vaccinium myrsinites/darrowii)
