tree recognition Flashcards
Chameacyparis sp.
Cupressaceae
False Cypress
overlapping scale like needles,
yellowish green needles are flattened
native to west coast
Thuja plicata
Cupressaceae
Western Red Cedar
dark blue berry
short sharp leaves
Juniperous horazontalis
Cupressaceae
Creeping juniper
widest distribution of any tree or shub - large portion of north america
needles crowded on stem in whorls of three
Juniperus communis
Cupressaceae
Ground Juniper
5 needles per fascicle, soft bluish green with lines
cones cylindrical rounded at tip 8 - 20 cm
Eastern canada - great lakes region
Pinus strobus
Pinaceae
eastern white pine
round end needle - friendly fir - xmas tree
fascicles are not present - needles individual
scales fall of cone - entire cone does not fall
Abies balsamea
Pinaceae
Balsam fir
2 - 3 needles per fascicle
longest needle of any pine we study
armoured cone scales
Pinus Ponderosa
Pinaceae
ponderosa pine
ID by cone size and number of needles on fascicle
needles individual on long shoots
but 15-30 needles per fascicle on short shoots
cones 2 - 4 cm long
Larix sibirica
Pinaceae
Siberian larch
long shoots needles are single
short shoots 12 - 20 needles
small cones look like mini roses -brains?
bracts shorter than scales
Larix Laricina
Pinaceae
tamarack, larch
rhino horns coming off scale
younger bark orange red
2 needles per fascicle - needles twist
not native to Canada
Pinus sylvestris
Pinaceae
Scots pine
distinctive cone shaped like cashew
2 needles per fascicle
“Jack never grows back” - cones always face away from the trunk
Pinus banksiana
Pinaceae
jack pine
needles yellow green with white dots beneath
individual needles spirally arranged around twig
“friendly” soft needles 2 - 3 cm long
bract has 3 points - middle one looks like mouse tail
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Pinaceae
Douglas fir
needles 1 - 2 cm - base tapers to petiole
seed set in red fleshy cup
no fascicles - individual needles dark green
native to pacific coast
Taxus brevifolia
Taxaceae
western (Pacific) yew
Tsuga heterophylla
Pinaceae
western hemlock
seeds in cones berry like, fleshy, blue
mix of scale (young) and awl leaves (older and appressed to branch
Juniperus scopulorum
Cupressaceae
rocky mountain juniper
If we don’t know what this is, we’re fucked!
Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgoaceae
ginkgo, maidenhair tree
WTH? this isn’t even in our sheets?
Juniperus virginiana
Cupressaceae
eastern red ceder
simple leaves alternately arranged
doubly serrate margins
Betula papyrifera
Betulaceae
white birch, paper birch
petioles are flat/square
oval to kidney shape leaves
catkins
Populous tremuloides
Salicaceae
trembling aspen
leaves are variable but usually linear, long and thin
some have hairy leaves
can have yellow or red twigs
hard to pick species/cross breed lots
Salix spp.
Salicaceae
willow
fruit - 1 seeded or nutles
leaf serrations are best way to identify - teeth are equal
these leaves are adorable
leaves alternately arranged - very round
cr6 to 10 teeth on each side - crenate
broad winged nutlet
Betula pumila
Betulaceae
bog birch
distinctive nuts
simple leaves alternately arranged
doubly serrate margins
Corylus cornuta
Betulaceae
beaked hazelnut
oaks have lobed leaves - 7 - 9 lobes
each lobe tapers from base to tip
bristles at tip of leaf - reddish brown buts
acorn in a saucer shaped cup (like a beret)
only covers top portion of acorn
Quercus rubra
Fagaceae
Red oak
simple leaves alternately arranged
narrow ovate leaves 2 - 7 cm long
globule round buds dark brown in colour
winged samara almost round
Ulmus pumila
Ulmaceae
Siberian elm
lousy pic but leaves are much narrower at base than at tip
simple leaves alternately arranged
heavily lobed with 7 - 9 lobes
acorn is covered by cap 1/2 or further down nut
Quercus macrocarpa
Fagaceae
Bur oak
simple leaves alternately arranged
sand paper texture on upper leaf
leaf base strongly oblique (uneven)
big leaves compared to Siberian elm
buds oppressed tight to stem
Ulmus americana
Ulmaceae
white elm/American elm
pinnately compound leaves - 5 - 11 leaflets oppositely arranged - terminal leaflet may be larger
buds look like chocolate chips
winged samaras that look like canoe paddles
Fraxinus sp. or spp (?)
Oleaceae
Ash or green ash
very deeply lobed leaves with sharp irregular teeth
typical Canada flag shape
5 - 7 lobes
simple oppositey arranged
Acer saccharinum
Sapindaceae (Aceraceae)
silver maple
also Canada flag shape - I think more so than silver maple which is much more deeply lobed
simple leaves - oppositely arranged
samaras are u-shaped in outline
Acer saccharum
Aceraceae (Sapindeaceae)
sugar maple
leaved opposite palmatified & palmately veined
leaves narrowly triangular
2 short basal lobes - 1 long so 3 lobes
Acer ginnala
Aceraceae (Sapindaceae)
amur maple
These leaves don’t look like other maples but fun helicopter seeds are give away
pinately compount (opposite)
leaves can be lobed to not lobed at all
Acer negundo
Aceraceae (Sapindaceae)
Manitoba maple
leaves simple, heart shaped (deltoid)
apiculate to acuminate apices - pointy
base oblique with one margin lower than the other
ovoid buds - no terminate bud
Tilia spp.
Tiliaceae (Malvaceae)
basswood
No flipping idea - not in our notes
but leaves are pretty
Tilia Cordata
Tiliaceae
little-leaf linden
looks very different than the other horsetails
twice branched
Equisetum sylvaticum (silva means woodland)
Equisetaceae
woodland horsetail
