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Bio 1780 Prelim 3 > Tree of Life > Flashcards

Tree of Life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

2 branches Animalia divides into

A

Sponges and Eumetazoa

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2
Q

2 branches Eumetazoa divide into

A

Diploblasts and Bilateria

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3
Q

Diploblast Taxa

A

Cnidaria and Ctenophora

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4
Q

2 branches Bilateria divide into

A

Protostomes and Deuterostomes

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5
Q

2 branches Protostomes divide into

A

Lophotrochozoans and Ecydysozoans

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6
Q

Lophotrochozoan Taxa

A

Flatworms, Annelids, and Mollusks

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7
Q

Ecdysozoan Taxa

A

Nematodes and Arthropoda

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8
Q

Arthropoda Taxa

A

Myriapods, Chelicerates, Crustacea, and Hexapoda

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9
Q

Characteristics of Animals

A

heterotrophic, multicellular, internal digestion, movement

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10
Q

Characteristics of Sponges

A

sessile, heterotrophic, lack true tissues, choanocytes - flagellated feeding cells (evolutionary link between animals and choanoflagellate), spicules

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11
Q

Characteristics of Eumetazoans

A

body symmetry, gut and nervous system, tissues organized into organs

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12
Q

Dipoblasts

A

radial symmetry

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13
Q

Another name for bilaterians

A

triploblasts

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14
Q

Examples of Ctenophora

A

comb jellies

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15
Q

Examples of Cnidaria

A

sea anemone, corals and hydrozoans

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16
Q

characteristics of flatworms

A

simplest bilaterians, acoelomate - no body cavity, mouth is only opening for its gastrovascular cavity; simple nervous system - a brain, sense organs, and branching nerves; eyespots

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17
Q

characteristics of cnidaria

A

gastrovascular cavity with one opening - mouth

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18
Q

characteristics of ctenophora

A

have a complete gut; ctenes - fused plates of cilia used to move

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19
Q

example of parasitic flatworm

A

flukes and tapeworm - intermediary stages in life cycle, scolex - head, proglottids

20
Q

mollusk body plan

A

descent with modification of foot, mantle and viscera

21
Q

annelids

A

segmented worms

22
Q

3 types of mollusks

A

gastropods - stomach foots, cephalopods - head foot, bivalves - 2 shells

23
Q

characteristics of gastropods

A

largest group of mollusks; examples - snails and slugs; one shell, a foot, and a tongue (radula)

24
Q

characteristics of cephalopods

A

agile predators, vertebrate-like eyes, tentacles, siphon; ex: octopus and squid; largest invertebrates

25
Q

characteristics of bivalves

A

two shells, examples- clams, mussels, oysters, and scallops - siphon

26
Q

cephalization

A

concentration of sensory organs and nervous tissues in an anterior head; evolutionary favored because anterior end typically encounters new environments first

27
Q

acoelomate

A

no body cavity; space filled with mesenchyme; typically move by beating cilia; Ex: flatworm

28
Q

pseudocoelomate

A

has body cavity in which internal organs are suspended; enclosed by muscles only on its outside; no inner layer of mesoderm surrounding internal organs; Ex: roundworm

29
Q

coelomate

A

body cavity that develops within the, therefore surrounded by, mesoderm; lined with muscular tissue called peritoneum; has more refined control over movement of fluids in its body cavity; Ex: earthworm

30
Q

segmentation

A

improves control of movement; facilitates specialization of different body regions; allows an animal to alter the shape of its body in complex ways - muscles in each individual segment can change the shape of the segment independently of the others

31
Q

two branches deuterostomes split into

A

echinoderms and vertebrates

32
Q

two branches vertebrates split into

A

lampreys and gnathostomes

33
Q

2 branches gnathostomes split into

A

chondrichthyes and bony vertebrates

34
Q

2 branches bony vertebrates split into

A

ray finned fishes and fleshy finned fishes (sarcopterygians)

35
Q

2 branches sarcopterygians split into

A

coelecanths and UT (those with internal nostrils)

36
Q

2 branches UT (internal nostrils) split into

A

lungfishes and tetrapoda

37
Q

sarcopterygians

A

coelecanths, lungfishes and tetrapoda

38
Q

2 branches tetrapods split into

A

amniotes and amphibians

39
Q

2 branches amniotes split into

A

mammals and reptiles

40
Q

3 branches of mammals

A

prototherians (monotremes), eutherians (placental mammals), and marsupials

41
Q

3 branches of reptiles

A

turtles, lepidosaurs and archosaurs

42
Q

examples of lepidosaurs

A

lizards and snakes

43
Q

examples of archosaurs

A

birds and crocodiles

44
Q

examples of prototherians

A

platypus and anteater

45
Q

examples of marsupials

A

kangaroo and opossums

46
Q

example of ray-finned fish

A

salmon

47
Q

major groups of eutherians

A

rodents (rodentia), bats (chiroptera), cetaceans, and primates

Bio 1780 Prelim 3 (2 decks)

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