Tree of Life

Question 1

2 branches Animalia divides into

Answer 1

Sponges and Eumetazoa

Question 2

2 branches Eumetazoa divide into

Answer 2

Diploblasts and Bilateria

Question 3

Diploblast Taxa

Answer 3

Cnidaria and Ctenophora

Question 4

2 branches Bilateria divide into

Answer 4

Protostomes and Deuterostomes

Question 5

2 branches Protostomes divide into

Answer 5

Lophotrochozoans and Ecydysozoans

Question 6

Lophotrochozoan Taxa

Answer 6

Flatworms, Annelids, and Mollusks

Question 7

Ecdysozoan Taxa

Answer 7

Nematodes and Arthropoda

Question 8

Arthropoda Taxa

Answer 8

Myriapods, Chelicerates, Crustacea, and Hexapoda

Question 9

Characteristics of Animals

Answer 9

heterotrophic, multicellular, internal digestion, movement

Question 10

Characteristics of Sponges

Answer 10

sessile, heterotrophic, lack true tissues, choanocytes - flagellated feeding cells (evolutionary link between animals and choanoflagellate), spicules

Question 11

Characteristics of Eumetazoans

Answer 11

body symmetry, gut and nervous system, tissues organized into organs

Question 12

Dipoblasts

Answer 12

radial symmetry

Question 13

Another name for bilaterians

Answer 13

triploblasts

Question 14

Examples of Ctenophora

Answer 14

comb jellies

Question 15

Examples of Cnidaria

Answer 15

sea anemone, corals and hydrozoans

Question 16

characteristics of flatworms

Answer 16

simplest bilaterians, acoelomate - no body cavity, mouth is only opening for its gastrovascular cavity; simple nervous system - a brain, sense organs, and branching nerves; eyespots

Question 17

characteristics of cnidaria

Answer 17

gastrovascular cavity with one opening - mouth

Question 18

characteristics of ctenophora

Answer 18

have a complete gut; ctenes - fused plates of cilia used to move

Question 19

example of parasitic flatworm

Answer 19

flukes and tapeworm - intermediary stages in life cycle, scolex - head, proglottids

Question 20

mollusk body plan

Answer 20

descent with modification of foot, mantle and viscera

Question 21

annelids

Answer 21

segmented worms

Question 22

3 types of mollusks

Answer 22

gastropods - stomach foots, cephalopods - head foot, bivalves - 2 shells

Question 23

characteristics of gastropods

Answer 23

largest group of mollusks; examples - snails and slugs; one shell, a foot, and a tongue (radula)

Question 24

characteristics of cephalopods

Answer 24

agile predators, vertebrate-like eyes, tentacles, siphon; ex: octopus and squid; largest invertebrates

Question 25

characteristics of bivalves

Answer 25

two shells, examples- clams, mussels, oysters, and scallops - siphon

Question 26

cephalization

Answer 26

concentration of sensory organs and nervous tissues in an anterior head; evolutionary favored because anterior end typically encounters new environments first

Question 27

acoelomate

Answer 27

no body cavity; space filled with mesenchyme; typically move by beating cilia; Ex: flatworm

Question 28

pseudocoelomate

Answer 28

has body cavity in which internal organs are suspended; enclosed by muscles only on its outside; no inner layer of mesoderm surrounding internal organs; Ex: roundworm

Question 29

coelomate

Answer 29

body cavity that develops within the, therefore surrounded by, mesoderm; lined with muscular tissue called peritoneum; has more refined control over movement of fluids in its body cavity; Ex: earthworm

Question 30

segmentation

Answer 30

improves control of movement; facilitates specialization of different body regions; allows an animal to alter the shape of its body in complex ways - muscles in each individual segment can change the shape of the segment independently of the others

Question 31

two branches deuterostomes split into

Answer 31

echinoderms and vertebrates

Question 32

two branches vertebrates split into

Answer 32

lampreys and gnathostomes

Question 33

2 branches gnathostomes split into

Answer 33

chondrichthyes and bony vertebrates

Question 34

2 branches bony vertebrates split into

Answer 34

ray finned fishes and fleshy finned fishes (sarcopterygians)

Question 35

2 branches sarcopterygians split into

Answer 35

coelecanths and UT (those with internal nostrils)

Question 36

2 branches UT (internal nostrils) split into

Answer 36

lungfishes and tetrapoda

Question 37

sarcopterygians

Answer 37

coelecanths, lungfishes and tetrapoda

Question 38

2 branches tetrapods split into

Answer 38

amniotes and amphibians

Question 39

2 branches amniotes split into

Answer 39

mammals and reptiles

Question 40

3 branches of mammals

Answer 40

prototherians (monotremes), eutherians (placental mammals), and marsupials

Question 41

3 branches of reptiles

Answer 41

turtles, lepidosaurs and archosaurs

Question 42

examples of lepidosaurs

Answer 42

lizards and snakes

Question 43

examples of archosaurs

Answer 43

birds and crocodiles

Question 44

examples of prototherians

Answer 44

platypus and anteater

Question 45

examples of marsupials

Answer 45

kangaroo and opossums

Question 46

example of ray-finned fish

Answer 46

salmon

Question 47

major groups of eutherians

Answer 47

rodents (rodentia), bats (chiroptera), cetaceans, and primates