Tree Families, divisions Flashcards
Division - Gingophyta
- Deciduous with seeds not enclosed in an ovary
–similar to conifers.- Motile sperm.
- Monotype
Division - Gnetophyta
- Cone-bearing with evergreen leaves
– closely related to conifers.- Unlike conifers, these plants have vessel
elements, similar to flowering plants
- Unlike conifers, these plants have vessel
Division Coniferophyta
- Includes conifers or cone-bearing trees and shrubs (no flowers).
- Seeds are not enclosed inside an ovary
(known as Gymnosperms = naked seeds) - Leaves are usually needle-like or linear, or
awl-like or scale like.
Division - Magnoliophyta
- Includes angiosperms (flowering plants).
- Seeds are enclosed inside an ovary (fruit).
Ginkgoaceae - Maidenhairs
-Deciduous tree
-Gymnosperm
-Fan shaped leaves, dichotomous veins,
-Seeds plum like
-Pollen cones (catkins)
-Only one species
-Maidenhair-tree (Ginkgo biloba
Platanaceae - Sycamores
-Ball shaped flowers
-Male and female flowers on the same tree
-Mature trees 100-170 feet
-American sycamore
Camouflage looking bark
Magnoliaceae - Magnolias
-Stamen and pistils arranged in cone like spirals
-Large terminal bud
-Leaves alternate, simple
- Tulip tree
Hamamelidaceae - Witch Hazels
-Leaves are simple, alternate, irregular margins
-Bright yellow flowers with 4 long petals
-Mature trees grow to 8m
Ulmaceae - Elms
-Leaves simple and alternate
-Ovary positioned superior, 2 carpels
-Forms a winged seed
-White elm, rock elm
Juglandaceae - Walnuts
-Deciduous
-Large pinnately compound leaves (20-100 cm)
-Wind pollinated, catkins, husks
-White walnut, Black walnut, hickory
Fagaceae- Beeches and Oaks
-Long slender buds
-Alternate, simple leaves
-Bristle husks hold two triangular nuts
-Mature trees up to 25m high
-American beech (Fagus grandiflora)
-Red and White oaks (Quercus spp.)
Salicaceae - Willows
-Simple alternate leaves with pointed tips
-Flowers are catkins
- Poplar, aspen, cottonwood, willows
Betulaceae - Birch
-Nut bearing trees and shrubs
-Leaves are simple, alternate and serrate
-Catkins
-Birch, alder, hazelnut
Tiliaceae - Lindens
-Leaves are simple, alternate
-Trees are medium to large when mature
-Nut like capsule that contains one seed.
-The nut can remain dormant for a long time.
-Basswood (Tilia americana)
Ericaceae - Heaths
-Leaves are simple, alternate, smooth margins
-New bark is green and photosynthetic, old bark
is reddish and peels off.
-Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesi)
Rosaceae - Roses
-May be shrub to tree
-Inferior ovary, 5 petals, 5 sepals
-Fruit is berry like, pome, or drupe
-cherries, apples, plums
Fabaceae - Peas
-Pinnately compound and alternate
-5 sepals, 5 petals, 10 stamen
-Fruit is a pod
-Black locust
-Honey locust
Elaeagnaceae - Oleasters
-Large shrub or small trees
-Leaves are simple, smooth margined, alternate
opposite
-Young twigs and leaves have a silvery or rusty
scales
-Russian olive (Eleagnus angustifolia)
Cornaceae - Dogwoods
-Small trees and shrubs
-Compact terminal clusters
-Leaf venation is arcuate
-Leaves are simple with smooth margins
Rhamnaceae - Buckthorns
-Leaves are alternate and opposite, oval in
shape with a blunt tip.
-Berry for fruit
Cascara Buckthorn (Rhamnus purshiana)
Hippocastanaceae - Horsechestnuts
-Palmate compound leaves
-Large nut Prickly
-Common horsechestnut
-(Aesculus hippocastanum)
Aceraceae - Maples
-Leaves are opposite, simple, palmate venation
-Schizocarp
-Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
-Manitoba maple (Acer negundo)
Oleaceae - Olives
-Leaves are simple, pinnately compound, opposite
-Lilac (Syringa vulgaris)
-White Ash (Fraxinus americana)
-Red Ash (Fraxinus pensylvanica)
Bignoniaceae - Trumpet Creepers
-Leaves are large, opposite or whorled, entire
margins, heart shaped
-Leaf scar is prominent
-Northern Catalpa (Catalpa speciosa)
