treaty of versailles

Question 1

where was the conference held?

Answer 1

Versailles Palace, Paris France

Question 2

what is the difference between an armistice and a peace treaty?

Answer 2

armistice is an agreement to stop fighting (temporarily)
peace treaty stops war indefinitely

Question 3

what land did Germany lose in the treaty?

Answer 3

Saarland - given to France for 15 years
demilitarise the Rhineland
Upper silesia - to poland
Polish Corridor

Question 4

why did France invade the Ruhr in 1923?

Answer 4

after Germany’s failure to pay reparations

Question 5

list 3 reasons why the treaty was likely to lead to huge problems in Europe

Answer 5

Germans felt bitter - diktat

punished Germans enough for revenge but not enough to stop them recovering and acting against the allies in the future
Woodrow Wilson placed too much faith in the League

Question 6

what were the Failures of the league of nations

Answer 6

assembly only met once a year
no army - moral condemnation
powers were limited as superpowers such as USA weren’t members
Manchurian Crisis
Sudetenland
Abyssinian Crisis

Question 7

successes of the league of nations

Answer 7

Aaland islands - Sweden and Finland
Upper Silesia - Poland and Germany
Refugee Commission
Health Commission
Mandates Commission

Question 8

what was the Mandates Commission

Answer 8

tried to ensure that Britain and France were not acting selfishly in their own interests in the league

Question 9

what was the refugees commission

Answer 9

resettled hundreds of thousands who had been displaced by the war
also helped ex-prisoners of war

Question 10

what was the Health Commission

Answer 10

aimed to reduce deaths from dangerous diseases and educated people about good sanitation

Question 11

what were the international agreements that helped the League’s peace making role

Answer 11

Locarno Treaties - signs of goodwill between Germany and France - demilitarise the Rhineland
Kellogg-Briand pact - 61 countries signed not to go to war to solve disputes

Question 12

how did the Great Depression impact the League of Nations

Answer 12

USA recalled its loans and wanted less to do with Europe
British economy suffered badly so less money spent on the League
Italy - Mussolini was keen to divert attention by building an overseas empire
Germany was in turmoil leading to Hitler becoming Chancellor

Question 13

what were Hitler’s policies

Answer 13

believed communism was evil
promised to restore Germany’s greatness
expand Germany’s territories
put right the wrongs of the League
emphasising hatred of Jewish people

Question 14

how did Hitler build up military strength at home?

Answer 14

rearming Germany in secret

1935 conscription policy - forcing young men to join the armed forces
Held rearmament rallies 1935 to show off his power to European countries
withdrew Germany from the League of Nations
Peacetime Army of 550,000

Question 15

how did Hitler increase German influence abroad

Answer 15

1934 tried to take over Austria but failed
Chancellor Dollfuss killed in Austria
1935 - reunite Saar with Germany
Anglo-German Naval agreement 1935 allowed Germany to increase their navy

Question 16

what were Britain and France’s reasons to appease Germany

Answer 16

neither Britain or France wanted war
Hitler was standing up against communism - encouraged

Question 17

what were the reasons not to appease Germany

Answer 17

encouraged Hitler to make demands
made Britain and France seem weak

Question 18

what was the Munich Agreement

Answer 18

gave the Sudetenland to Germany

Question 19

how did Germany unite with Austria

Answer 19

Austrian Nazi Party stirred up trouble against the Austrian Government
League declined the Austrian Chancellor’s plea or help
a plebiscite decided - asking Austrian citizens their opinion
99.75% of Austrians voted in favour of a union with Germany
League did nothing and accepted Hitler’s actions

Question 20

what were the events in 1939 that lead to the outbreak of war in September

Answer 20

March - Hitler invaded rest of Czechoslovakia
August - Nazi-Soviet pact, Germany could risk war in western Europe without having to worry about being invaded from the East