Treaty And Civil War

Question 1

The Government Act 1920

Ulster

Answer 1

Had 6 counties
Home Rule parliament in Belfast
First Prime Minister was James Craig

Question 2

The Government Act 1920

South of Ireland

Answer 2

Called Southern Ireland

It was to have a Home Rule parliament in Dublin

Question 3

Negotiating the Treaty 1921

What was it and when

Answer 3

October

A delegation led by Collins and Griffith went to London to negotiate a treaty

Question 4

Negotiating the Treaty 1921

Who declined to go

Answer 4

Eamon de Valera

Question 5

Negotiating the Treaty 1921
What two main aims did the delegation have?
Irish

Answer 5

To set up a republic so that Ireland would be completely independent form Britain

To end partition so that the Northern Ireland state would cease to exist

Question 6

Negotiating the Treaty 1921

British delegation

Answer 6

Led by Lloyd George

Experienced negotiators like Winston Churchill

Question 7

Negotiating the Treaty 1921

What did the British delegation want?

Answer 7

Ireland to stay within the British Commonwealth and to maintain the state of Northern Ireland

Question 8

Terms of the Treaty

Answer 8

Ireland would be called the Irish Free State
The Free State would not be a republic but part of the British Commonwealth (dominion status). King would be head of state and TDs would have to take an oath of loyalty to the King.
British would have 3 naval ports in Ireland: Lough Swilly, Cobh & Berehaven
A Boundary Commission was to be set up to decide the border between Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State. It would consist of a presentation from both Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State. There would be an independent chairman

Question 9

Events leading to Civil War

Answer 9

Treaty caused much division in country.

British army withdrew from their barracks and both pro- and anti- Treaty IRA took them over

Question 10

Events leading to Civil War

Pro-Treaty

Answer 10

Free State Army

Question 11

Events leading to Civil War

Anti-Treaty

Answer 11

Irregulars

Question 12

The Civil War

Who kidnapped who in where?

Answer 12

Anti-Treaty forces kidnapped General O’ Connell (Free State Army) in the Four Courts

Question 13

The Civil War

What did the kidnapping mean?

Answer 13

Collins had an excuse to attack the Four Courts

Question 14

The Civil War

How long did it take the Irregulars to surrender in the Four Courts

Answer 14

Within 2 days

Question 15

The Civil War

Who was defeated in Dublin within a week

Answer 15

The Irregulars

Question 16

The Civil War

Where did the Irregulars go when they were defeated on Dublin

Answer 16

Munster

Where their support was strongest

Question 17

The Civil War

What tactics did the Irregulars use against the Free State troops?

Answer 17

Guerilla Warfare tactics

Question 18

The Civil War

How many soldiers did the Free State Armey have by August 1922?

Answer 18

60,000

Question 19

The Civil War
When did Arthur Griffith die?
How?

Answer 19

August 12th 1922

Question 20

The Civil War
When did Michael Collins die?
How?

Answer 20

August 22nd 1922 (ten days later than Griffith)

In an ambush at Béal na Bláth, West Cork

Question 21

The Civil War

Who became the new head of the Free State government?

Answer 21

William T Cosgrave

Question 22

The Civil War
Who was in charge of law and order?
What did he do?

Answer 22

Kevin O’ Higgins

Passed a Special Powers Act

Question 23

The Civil War

What was the last obstacle to a ceasefire and how was it removed

Answer 23

Liam Lynch was killed

Question 24

The Civil War

What happened in May 1923

Answer 24

Frank Aiken agreed to a ceasefire

Question 25

Results of the Civil War

Answer 25

£30 million worth of damage -> roads, cities, towns, railways (caused big disruption to the economy)
Almost 600 people had been killed
Nation left divided and bitter for decades afterwards
Two major parties of the Free State had their origins in the Civil War: Cumann na nGaedhael - Pro - Treaty party (later Fianna Gael 1930)
Fianna Fáil - Anti - Treaty party

Question 26

The Government Act 1920

What did it do?

Answer 26

It divided Ireland into two parts