Treatments for Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What vaccines can help prevent otitis media

A

pneumococcal and influenza

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2
Q

2 primary treatments for acute otitis media if antibiotic therapy required

A
  1. amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg/day in 2 doses
  2. augmentin 90 mg/kg/day with 6.4 mg/kg/day clavulanate in 2 divided doses
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3
Q

Alternative treatment for acute otitis media if a penicillin allergy

A

cephalosporins

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4
Q

if a patient is receiving treatment for 48-72 hours for acute otitis media and not having improvement, what are further options

A

Previous options but added option of Clindamycin

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5
Q

Duration of treatment for acute otitis media
-if severe
-if less than 2
-if 2-5 years old
-if >/= 6 years old

A

10 days if severe
10 days if < 2
7 days if 2-5 years old
5-7 days if >/= 6 years old

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6
Q

when to treat rhinosinusitis

A

when persistent and not improving >10 days
if severe and worsening > 3 days

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7
Q

first line treatment for rhiosinusitis

A

augmentin 45-90 mg/kg/day in 2 doses (500 mg TID or 875 mg BID if adult)

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8
Q

alternative treatments for rhinosinusitis

A

doxycycline 100 mg BID (adult only)
clindamycin + 3rd gen ceph
unasyn

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9
Q

duration of treatment for rhinosinusitis
-if adult
-if pediatric
-if chronic

A

5-7 days if adult
10-14 days for pediatric
>/= 21 days if chronic

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10
Q

First line treatments for Pharyngitis

A

Amoxicillin 1000 mg daily for 10 days
Penicillin V or G

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11
Q

treatment options for Pharyngitis if penicillin allergy

A

cephalexin 500 mg BID for 10 days
azithromycin 500mg for 1 day then 250 mg daily for 4 day

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12
Q

Treatment for laryngotracheobronchitis

A

-cool mist or steam
-nebulized racemic epinephrine 0.05-0.1 ml/kg q20 mins prn
-dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg

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13
Q

Prevention methods for RSV

A

RSV vaccine Abrysvo or passive immunity with nirsevimab or palivizumab

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14
Q

Treatment for RSV

A

supportive care with fever and pain management and fluids

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15
Q

Treatment for epiglottits

A

-Maintain airway
-Rocephin (3rd gen ceph) + vanc or clindamycin (anti staph agent)

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16
Q

Treatment for rhinovirus

A

symptomatic relief with decongestants, antihistamines, and analgesics

17
Q

How to prevent influenza virus

A

Vaccine against type A and B strands

18
Q

treatment options for influenza

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors Oseltamivir (tamiflu)
Zanamivir (Relenza Diskhaler)

19
Q

Treatment for acute bronchitis

A

supportive care
-dextromethorphan or guaifenesin for cough
-antihistamine/decongestant for cold
-APAP or NSAIDS for aches and pains
-antibiotics if pertussis

20
Q

Antibiotic treatments for treatment of acute bronchitis due to pertussis

A

Macrolides (specifically azithromycin if < 1 month)
Bactrim (alternative)

21
Q

How to prevent acute bronchitis

A

stop smoking
flu and pneumococcal vaccines

22
Q

Treatment option for outpatient CAP if no comorbid conditions or risk factors for MRSA or Pseudomonas

A

Monotherapy with
Amoxicillin
Doxy
Macrolides
For 7-10 days

23
Q

Treatment option for outpatient CAP if comorbid conditions

A

-Cephalosporin or augmentin plus macrolide or doxy
-monotherapy with respiratory FQ
for 7-10 days

24
Q

Treatment option for inpatient CAP if non severe

A

-B-lactam + macrolide
-respiratory FQ
-B-lactam + doxy
ADD MRSA or Pseudomonas coverage if needed

25
Q

Treatment option for inpatient CAP if severe

A

B-lactam + macrolide
B-lactam + respiratory FQ
ADD MRSA or Pseudomonas coverage if needed

26
Q

Treatment options for Ventilator associated pneumo if low MRSA and single antipseudomonal agent has >90% activity

A

-cefepime
-primaxin
-levo
-meropenem
-zosyn
7 day treatment duration

27
Q

Treatment options for Ventilator associated pneumo if MRSA and single antipseudomonal agent has <90% activity

A

-Anti-pseudomonal B-lactam + antipseudomonal FQ
-Aminoglycoside +/- MRSA coverage
7 day treatment duration

28
Q

Treatment options for non ventilator associated hospital acquired pneumonia if not in septic shock and without IV antibiotic use within 90 days and low MRSA

A

antipseudomonal B-lactam

29
Q

Treatment options for non ventilator associated hospital acquired pneumonia if not in septic shock and without IV antibiotic use within 90 days and MRSA prevalence

A

-antipseudomonal B-lactam + antipseudomonal FQ
-aminoglycoside +/- MRSA coverage

30
Q

t or f? add MRSA coverage if septic shock

A

true

31
Q

Treatment options for community acquired parapneumonic effusion and empyema

A

-cefotaxime or ceftriaxone + metronidazole
-amp/sul
-levaquin or aztreonam +metronidazole (if allergy to pen)
-imipenem or meropenem (if allergy to pen)

32
Q

Treatment options for hospital acquired parapneumonic effusion and empyema

A

-vancomycin + metronidazole and cefepime or ceftazidime
-pip/tazo
-ticarcillin/clavulanate
-metronidazole + cipro (if pen allergy)
-imipenem or meropenem (if pen allergy)

33
Q

inpatient and outpatient treatments for COVID

A

remdesivir for inpatient
Paxlovid for emergency use outpatient

34
Q

preferred antibiotics for acute COPD exacerbation

A

augmentin
azithromycin
doxycycline
respiratory FQ