Treatments For CVD

Question 1

What are antihypertensives and the four main types

Answer 1

Drugs used to treat high blood pressure
-ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, diuretics and beta blockers

Question 2

How do beta blockers reduce blood pressure

Answer 2

-block the effects of adrenaline causing the heart to beat more slowly with less force so lower bp

Question 3

How do diuretics reduce bp

Answer 3

-help the kidneys remove salt and water through urine which decreases the amount of fluid flowing through arteries which decreases bp

Question 4

How do ACE inhibitors reduce blood pressure

Answer 4

-prevent the synthesis of the hormone angiotensin II that constricts blood vessels meaning there is less vasoconstriction so lower bp

Question 5

How do calcium channel blockers lower bp

Answer 5

-block calcium ion channels as calcium is necessary to contract muscular linings of blood vessels, so this reduces amount of calcium entering cells of heart and arteries so blood vessels dilate

Question 6

How do statins lower blood cholesterol

Answer 6

Inhibit an enzyme involved in the production of LDL cholesterol by the liver

Question 7

Ways to manage diet to reduce risk of CVD

Answer 7

-energy balanced
-low in saturated fats, cholesterol and salts
-high in non-starch polysaccharides(soluble fibres) eg pectin as these decrease blood cholesterol
-oily fish (omega-3 fatty acids which reduce risk of heart disease)
-high in fruit and veg( antioxidants)

Question 8

How do platelet inhibitory drugs and anticoagulant drugs work

Answer 8

-reduce tendency for platelet aggregation and clotting eg aspirin reduces stickiness of platelets

Question 9

Limitation of platelet inhibitory drugs

Answer 9

-side effects
-increase risk of internal bleeding