Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ophthalmology > Treatments > Flashcards

Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Tx: Warm compresses, Lid scrubs, Johnson’s baby shampoo/Q-tips, Ocusoft lid scrubs
Antibiotics: Bacitracin or E-mycin ointment, Tobradex (abx/steriod) combo, Oral abx, Doxycycline or minocycline or aladox, Anti-inflammatories

A

Blepharitis and meibomianitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tx: Warm compresses, Steroid/abx combo, Oral abx

A

Hordeolum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tx: Warm compresses, Surgical excision, Occasionally steroid injection into lesion

A

Chalazion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Oral or IV abx

A

Dacrocystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lubrication, Surgical repair (blepharoplasty)

A

Ectropion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Epilation (physically removing the eyelashes), Surgical repair, Bandage contact lens

A

Entropion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

OTC anti-histamines (mild), Mast cell inhibitors and stabilizers (EXPENSIVE!!), Lastacaft, Pataday, Alomide, Bepreve, Mild steroids, FML, Lotemax, Pred Mild, Alrex; Oral antihistamines helpful; Cool compresses

A

Allergic Conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Floroquinolones, Vigamox, Zymaxid, Besivance, Always ask about contacts and whether extended wear

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cold compresses, decongestants, Steroids, supportive rx

A

Viral conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lubrication (artificial tears), Low dose steroids if more severe

A

Pinguecula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lubrication (artificial tears), Steroids, Surgery (VERY hard; regrowth possible)

A

Pterygium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Determining the cause

Surgical intervention if indicated

A

Ptosis

Horner’s Syndrome - with miosis and anhidrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HSV; Send to eye provider; They’ll prescribe antivirals: Viroptic, Zirgan, Avoid steroids with epithelial ds! They make viruses get worse

A

HSV keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treat aggresively: Vigamox Zymaxid (Consider loading dose); Ask about contact lenses

A

Bacterial keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dx with fluorescin staining

Acute Tx: Artifical tears, Optive, Systane
Chronic Tx: Non-preservative tears
Severe Tx:, Restasis (cyclosporine), Punctal plugs (plug the puncta)

A

Keratitis (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Debridement, Abx, Cycloplegic drops (dilates pupil > helps w/ discomfort and healing), Patch (no longer used?), Use bandage contact lens

Recurrent corneal erosion
Surface has pulled away
Happens based on the way some things scratch it

A

Corneal abrasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Remove with spud, Rust removed with Alger brush, Treat like corneal abrasion, Can heal the spot with drops and ointments

A

Corneal foreign body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Txt agressively: Vigamox, Zymaxid

Never patch!

A

Corneal abrasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

IV antibiotics

A

Orbital cellulitis

20
Q

Oral Acetazolamide 500mg
–> If sulfa allergy, then Isosorbide
–> Add BetaBlocker for 20 mins unless C/I (asthma, COPD)
Also Apraclonidine or Brimonidine
–> Once pressure is normalized, add Pilocarpine QID (makes pupils smaller)

Goal is to get pressure down ASAP
Immd. referral to glaucoma expert
Ultimately, laser surgery (YAG) done to each eye
Makes a hole in the iris (iridotomy)

A

Closed angle glaucoma

21
Q

Mostly pharmacology agents first

Surgery when the above is no longer effective

A

Open angle glaucoma

22
Q

Prostaglandins for glaucoma treatment (start with these)

A

Xalatan, travatan, lumigan

SE: longer lashes, iris darkening

23
Q

Beta blockers for glaucoma treatment

A

Timolol

Be careful with asthma/COPD

24
Q

Alpha andregenic agonist for glaucoma treatment

A

Alphagan P

25
Q

Timolol and dorzolamide combo for glaucoma treatment

A

Cosopt

26
Q

Timolol and brimonidine combo for glaucoma treatment

A

Combigan

27
Q

brinzolamide/brimonidine combo for glaucoma treamtent

A

Simbrizna

28
Q

Which treaments are seldom used for glaucoma?

A

Pilocarpine(miotics), epinephrine, and systemic CAI’s

29
Q

Pulses of laser to the trabecular meshwork to create scar tissue, which then expands the pores, causing them to open up wider to get better flow

A

Argon Laser Trabeculoplasy (ALT) for glaucoma

30
Q

Lower energy and less damage to area
May be able to retreat but not proven
Can last about 5 years

A

Selective LT (SLT) for glaucoma

31
Q

Creates surgical tunnels in the eye to let the fluid flow out differently; Dramatic drop in pressure; More risk for infection, etc.

A

Filtering Surgery Trabeculectomy for glaucoma

32
Q

Very aggressive; Cycloplegia (paralyze the ciliary body) 2-5% Homatropine bid-qid; Avoid Atropine - duration is too long; Topical steroids for inflammation

Gold standard is Pred Forte
Loading dose - every hour for 1st day or so
Wean off over time
Durezol

A

Anterior uvetitis

33
Q

Retinal specialist needed
Oral agents
Localized retinal lasers
Intraocular injections

A

Posterior uvetitis

34
Q

Steroids

IOP lowering meds

A

Iritis

35
Q

Bedrest until surgery
Scleral buckle (*Gold Standard. Place “buckle” around the outside of eye to squeeze eye and force reattachment. Problem: you create a different anatomy to the eye)

A

Retinal detachment

36
Q

Laser photocoagulation (can seal up at detachment)
Cryotherapy (inject gas into eye to locate detachment
Pneumatic retinopexy
Victrectomy (remove vitreous)

A

Retinal detachment alternatives

37
Q

No tx, poor recovery
Ocular massage and palaption have been tried
Breathing into a bag to create acidosis and vasodilation

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

38
Q 
Treat underlying med condition
If neovascularization, retinal specialist
PRP
IO steroids, Anti VEGF, ASA therapy
Most mild cases resolve on own
A

Central retinal vein occlusion

39
Q

Treat underlying conditions

A

Branch retinal vein occlusion

40
Q

Mild/early stages: monitor closely
For macular edema:
Focal retinal laser
Anti-VEGF injections

A

Diabetic retinopathy

41
Q

For advanced Nonproliferative & Proliferative:
Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)
Laser tx
Sometimes intraocular steroids

A

Diabetic retinopathy

42
Q

Treat underlying HTN

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

43
Q

Currently no ocular tx

AREDS trial using high dose anti-oxidant + Zn supplements

A

Dry macular degeneration

44
Q

Anti-VEGF Ab injections: Lucentis, Avastin, Eylea
Reduces blood vessel growth, reduces blood that is present; Occasionally lasers and IO injections; Continue with Amsler Grid

A

Wet macular degeneration

45
Q

Involves placement of an intraocular lens in the posterior capsule (behind the iris); Anterior chamber lens seldom used, higher risk for Uveitis Glaucoma, Hyphema; Bifocal lenses can be used (accommodating IOLs)

A

Cataract surgery

46
Q

Limited lifting for 1st month

Abx, NSAIDS, steroid drops for first month

A

Post op cataract instruction

47
Q

Intraocular lens is placed just behind the iris
The nucleus and cortex is removed, but the post capsule is left intact; This creates an envelope for the lens to sit in, and keeps vitreous in back of eye; “Foldable” lens is placed in the bag and zonules hold it in place
Pts are safe to dilate

A

Cataract surgery

Ophthalmology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions