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Prudent use of AB - > Treatments > Flashcards

Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Surface pyoderma

A

Intertrigo, hotspot. Th with shampoo

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2
Q

Superficial pyoderma

A

Longer th, often systemic treatment (Folliculitis, impetigo, epidermal collarette)

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3
Q

Deep pyoderma

A

Deeper, need systematic ABs for 4-8 (12) weeks. Suspectibility test

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4
Q

Pathogenic bacteria

A

Staphy. pseudointermedius (prod b-lactamase - cefalexin?), S. aureus, Strepto. cani,
E. coli, P. aeruginosa -> suspectibility, Gr-

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5
Q

Local: Shampoos - Surface pyoderma

A

2x week. Chlorhexidine, ethyl lactate, salicyclic acid + piroctone olamine (for seborrhea)

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6
Q

Local: Shampoo - Deep pyoderma

A

Benzoyl peroxide shampoo

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7
Q

Local: Local lesions (other drugs)

A

Mupirocin, fusidic acid, chlorhexidine, aminoglycosides, silver sulfazidine, macrolides (erythro and azithromycin)

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8
Q

Systemic th. in deep pyoderma

1st line

A

Lactamase stable b-lactam (cefalexin, amox. + clav.)

Lincosamides (clindamycin) + potSA (sulfametaxole + TMP)

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9
Q

Systemic th. in deep pyoderma

2nd line

A

FQ (enro-, marbo-, cipro-floxacin (pradofloxacin)

AB agains MRSA/MRSP (Local: mupirocin, fusidic acid Systemic: Rifamycin, amikacin, florfenicol)

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10
Q

Systemic th. in deep pyoderma

3rd line

A

Macrolides (azithro-, clarithromycin)

+Vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid

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11
Q

Amikacin adm

Florfenicol adm

A

injection

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12
Q

amoxicilin + clav
cefalexin

administration

A

PO

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13
Q

Pyoderma duration of th

A

3-4 weeks in surface
4-8 weeks (12) in deep
(+1 week after CS)

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14
Q

Otitis externa - causes

A

Allergy, seborrhea, endocrinopathies, reactive otitis (anal sacculitis), fb, parasite, trauma, humidity

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15
Q

Otitis externa - bacteria and microorganisms

A

Gr +: Staphy. pseudointermedius, Strepto. canis
Gr -: P. aeruginosa, E. coli
Yeasts, Malassezia pachydermatitis, Candidia spp.

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16
Q

Otitis externa - ototoxic agents

A

Aminoglycosides, Polymyxi-B

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17
Q

Staphylococcus - otitis th

A

Local: Chlorhexidine ear cleaner, gentamicin, polymyxin-B, orbifloxacin, marbofloxacin, florfenicol

Systemic: only after suspectibility test

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18
Q

Streptococcus - otitis th

A

Same as for staphy, so much over MIC its mostly fine

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19
Q

Pseudomonas - otitis th

A

Local ear cleaner: EDTA, chlorhexidine, alkalizing
Local ear drop: Gentamicin, tobramycin, Polymyxin-B, marbofloxacin
Systemic: GCC, Ciprofloxacin (PO)

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20
Q

Malassezia - otitis th

A

Local ear cleaner: chlorhexidine
Local ear drop: Thiabendazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, posaconazole, terbinafine
Systemic: in case of M. dermatitis -> Ketoconazole (ca), Itraconazole (fe), terbinafine

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21
Q

Mastitis - pathogenic bacteria

A

Staphy., Strepto., E. coli, Gr -

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22
Q

Mastitis - systematic th

A 
Septic: Amox. + clav. + enrofloxacin (life threatening)
Non-septic: 
Gr + -> Clindamycin, macrolides
Gr - -> FQ, b-lactames
OBS: puppies and their milk
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23
Q

Mastitis - supportive th

A

Meloxicam, carprofen, tramadol

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24
Q

Resp. tract diseases - pharyngitis, tonsillitis

A

Commonly streptococcus (S. cani), Ø b-lactam production. Pasturella, viruses.

Strepto. pyogens - ZOONOTIC

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25
Resp. tract disease - th
Narrow pectrum penicillins, cephalosporins (1st gen), macrolides (azithro, clarithro), NSAIDS and throat protection
26
Rhinitis (+ sinusitis) - viruses
Calici virus and herpes virus - cats Kennel cough and distemper - dog Serous rhinitis
27
Rhinitis (+ sinusitis) - bacterial
``` Purulent rhinitis, strepto/staphy, P. multocida, B. bronchiseptica, chlamydophilia, mycoplasma ```
28
Rhinitis (+ sinusitis) - fungal
AB not effective | Aspergillus spp
29
Rhinitis (+ sinusitis) - treatment
``` TCC - doxycycline (GOOD) Macrolides - azithro, clarithromycin FQ - not good for streptococcus PotSA - not strepto, good for Bordetella Penicillins, Cephalosporins - good for strepto, pasturella Supportive th ```
30
Feline rhinotracheitis - pathogens
FHV + FCV + bacteria (pasturella, bordetella, chlamydopfilia, mycoplasma)
31
Feline rhinotracheitis - treatment
Doxycycline (chlamydia, bordetella) Amoxicillin +/- clavulanic acid (fe) - pasturella Macrolides (azithro, clarithromycin) Eye drops/ointments w/TCC
32
Bronchitis, pneumonia - pathogens
Pasturella, bordetella, strepto/staphy, mycoplasma, enterococcus, pseudomonas. Aspiration pneum - E. coli, anaerobes
33
Bronchitis, pneumonia - treatment
Life-threatening: Broad-spectrum AB in combo with (amox. + clav., cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, FQ) Not life-th: TCC, macrolides, potSA Supportive th (cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefatriaxone, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, enro-, marbofloxacin)
34
Kennel cough - pathogens
Canine adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, bordetella bronchiseptica. usually start w/viral inf - dont treat before 7-10 days unless it's caused by distemper
35
Kennel cough - treatment 1st choice
Doxycycline, potSA (bordetella), Macrolides (azithro, clarithro)
36
Kennel cough - treatment 2nd choice
FQ after culturing
37
Kennel cough - treatment 3rd choice
Amozicillin clauvalunic acid, cephalosporines (not for bordetella or mycoplasma)
38
Aspiration pneumonia - treatment
Oxygen, furosemide, fluid therapy Life-th: broad-spectrum b-lactam + enrofloxacin + metronidazole NSAID's
39
Pyothorax - pathogens
pasturella, E. coli, staphy/strepto, Nocardia, anaerobes
40
Pyothorax - treatment
Thoracocentesis, fluid therapy, drain | Broad-spectrum b-lactam + enrofloxacin + metronidazole 3-6 weeks
41
Gingivitis, peridontitis - pathogens
Mild case: Strepto., pasturella, porphyromonas | Severe case: Bacteriodes, fusobacterium, porphyromonas, prevotella
42
Gingivitis, peridontitis - treatment
``` Amox. + clav. acid, metronidazole + spiramycin, clindamycin, cefovecin, pradofloxacin ```
43
Parvoviriosis - treatment
Broad-spectrum b-lactam + (aminoglycosides) / FQ Can also give metranidazole in addition. GCC to prevent shock
44
Bacterial enteritis - treatment
Campylobacter - azithro, clarithro, clindamycin Salmonella ? E.coli - FQ (obs cartilage damage) Probiotics
45
Antibiotic responsive diarrhea - treatment
Tylosin (PO) Metronidazol Oxytetracycline (PO) Treatment for 4-6 weeks - recurrence
46
Chronic colitis - treatment | C. perfringens
``` Deworming Give fiber Hypoallergenic diet Metranidazole, tylosin Salazopyrin Mesalazine in case of KCS ```
47
Chronic colitis - treatment | Ulcerative colitis
Enrofloxacin for 4 weeks - cartilage damage obs
48
Urinary tract diseases - E. coli
Frequently b-lactamase enzyme which decomposes penicillins, amoxicillin and 1st gen cephalosporins Cannot decompose amox. + clavulanic acid, 2nd and 3rd gen cephalosporins
49
Recommended drugs for UTI's | 10
``` Amoxicillin (ampicillin) Amox. + clav. acid Cefalexin Cefuroxime Cefovecin - CIA PotSA - high conc in urine and prostate FQ (2nd gen, never 3rd gen, sometimes 4th) Nitrofurantoin - works agains MRSA, PO Fosfomycin - PO Amikacin - inj, nephrotoxic ```
50
Best drugs in cystitis - 1st line
Amoxicillin Amoxicillin + clav. acid Cefalexin PotSA
51
Best drugs in cystitis - 2nd line
Cefovecin FQ Nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, amikacin
52
Cystitis - duration of treatment
Non-complicated: 7 days Complicated: 4 weeks Cefovecin: 1 injection -> 2-3 weeks Fosfomycin: once orally - 3 days in the urinary tract
53
Pyelonephritis - treatment
Cystocentesis, exclude obstruction - start with broad-spectrum AB FQ (enro, marbofloxacin) Ceftriaxon-aminoglycoside (genta, tobra, amikacin) 4-6 week duration
54
Prostatitis - treatment
BPB FQ first liine in prostatitis PotSA Phenicols 4-6 week treatment then castration
55
Category A
Avoid, only small animals
56
Category B
Restricted, CIA highest priority Fluroquinolones - enro/marbo - injection 3/4 gen cephalosporins - as injection Colistin - orally agains salmonella and E.coli
57
Category C
Caution ``` 1-2 gen cefalosporins amoxicillin clavulanate aminoglycosides florfenicol macrolides, lincosamides, pleuromutilins ```
58
Category D
Penicillins, amoxicillin, TCC, PotSA
59
BRDC - pathogens
Gr - : Pasturella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, histophilus somni Gr + : Truperella pyogens, mycoplasma bovis
60
BRCD - how to treat
category C and D first, suspectibility tests
61
BRCD - treatment
P. multocida and Mannheimia: Florfenicol and macrolides (tulathro, gamithromycin) Tilmicosin for 1-5 days Tula works for 7-10 days Gami for 10-14 days Tildipirosin 14-28 days M. bovis: FQ: most effective, but CIA Macrolides ( tulathromycin, gamithromycin, lincospectin)
62
Concentration dependent bacteriocidal agents | BRCD
FQ Enrofloxacin - 7,5. resp inf Marbofloxacin - 8-10. sensitive resp inf
63
Time dependent bacteriocidal agents | BRCD
Only in lung (accumulation) High MIC for long time Amoxicillin Amoxicillin - clavulanic acid Ceftiofur Macrolides, Gamithromycin, Tilmicosin
64
BRDC - distribution
Bad in penicillin, aminoglycosides and cephalosporins
65
Interdigital dermatitis (Mortellaro-disease)
Topical treatment, foot bath 3x week/month 1. Zn, copper sulfate + cationic detergents 2. Tetracycline spray
66
Interdigital phlegmone (Foot rot)
Topical th Systemic AB + NSAIS (meloxicam, carprofen) (Ceftiofur/cefquinom) Lincomycinm tulathromycin, cephalosporins, florfenicol, TCC
67
Calf diarrhea (With or without CS, mild cases, severe cases)
Without symptomatic signs: Fluid therapy With symptomatic signs: Fluid therapy, NSAID, AB Mild cases: PO, Amoxicillin, FQ, Aminoglycosides (not spectino), Colistin Severe cases: Parenteral. Ceftiofur, amoxicillin (sheep), amoxi clav, FQ (enro, marbo)
68
Mastitis - pathogens
S. aureus, S. uberis, CNS, streptococcus, E. coli Right after drying off and before calving
69
Mastitis - treatment (general condition)
Bad: Systemic, IMM th, NSAID, fluid th, microbiology, re-evaluation (E. coli) Normal: Suspectibility testing, Microbiology, IMM treatment (Strepto/staphylo)
70
Mastitis - clinical mastitis
Systemic th, Bacteriocidal activity + infusion (Ca), NSAIDS FQ (marbo, enro), TCC, PotSA
71
Poultry - major pathogens
``` E. coli P. multocida Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Clostridium perfringens S. aureus Mycoplasma ```
72
Colibacilocis
Day-old chicks: innhalation, colisepsis, bad hygiene Chickens: CRD, pericarditis, perihepatitis Coligranulomatosis, salphingitis (pasturella, mycoplasma)
73
Fowl cholera
Pasturella multocida Duck, goose. Mortallity, torticollis, Metaphylaxis, CNS symptomes
74
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
Upper resp inflam -> asphyxia
75
Clostridium
C. colinum: ulcerative, chicken, turkey, quail C. perfringens A/C: Necrotic, chickens
76
Staphylococcosis
S. aureus Septicemia, arthritis, dermatitis
77
Mycoplasma - CRD
M. gallisepticum: chicken and turkey, CRD M. meleagridis: turkey, CNS signs M. synociae: chicken, turkey
78
Categories in poultry
Category A: Only small animals Category B: FQ, Colistin Category C: Aminoglycosides, Florfenicol, Macrolides, Lincomycin, Tiamulin Category D: Penicillins, amoxicillin, TCC, PotSA
79
Poultry - combinations
Synergistic: 1. Sulphonamides + TMP 2. Lincomycin + spectinomycin 3. Amoxicillin + gentamycin Antagonists: protein inhibitors (30 - 50S)
80
Poultry - regulation
Only prophylactic usage in horse, dog and cat Metaphylaxis in restrictive number of animals During transport
81
Poultry - Narrow spectrum penicillins
Phenoxymethylpenicillin C. perfingens Swine erysipelas Streptococcus Fowl Cholera
82
Poultry - Broad spectrum penicillins
Amoxicillin (clavulanic acid is prohibited in poultry) Good oral absorption, WB min 15 days. ``` Clostridium, erysipelas P. multocida - fowl cholera (1st choice) O. rhinotracheale Enterococcus E.coli Staphylococcus ```
83
Poultry - aminoglycosides
spectinomycin (mycoplasma is sensitive) and neomycin WP! Acc. in kidney
84
Poultry - polypeptides
Category B - colistin if no other drugs can be used
85
Poultry - tetracyclines
Category D Doxycycline CTC + citric acid in drinking water Fowl cholera O. rhinotracheaale Mycoplasmosis Bordetella avium
86
Poultry - FQ
Category B ``` E. coli, mycoplasma Fowl cholera A. paragallinarum B. avium O. rhinotracheale ```
87
Poultry - E. coli
FQ resistance in poultry, prudent use
88
Poultry - E. coli
FQ resistance in poultry, prudent use
89
Poultry summary - Pasturella multocida | Fowl cholera
Amoxicillin, florfenicol, doxycycline, potSA, enrofloxacin, tylvalosin
90
Poultry summary - O. rhinotracheale
Amoxicillin, doxycycline, florfenicol, tylvalosine
91
Poultry summary - Clostridium perferinges
Phenoxymethyl-penicillin | amoxicillin, tylosin, lincomycin
92
Poultry summary - Clostridium perferinges
Phenoxymethyl-penicillin | amoxicillin, tylosin, lincomycin
93
Swine diarrhea - pathogens
``` Clostridium perfringens C E. coli Salmonella Lawsonia intracellularis Brachyspira hyodysenteriae ```
94
Swine - Clostridium perfringens C
Phenoxymethyl-penicillin, (amoxicillin)
95
Swine - E. coli
``` Gentamicin Amoxicillin-clav. acid Florfenicol Ceftiofur Cefquinom Enrofloxacin Colistin ```
96
Swine - Dysentry VS Proliferative enteritis
Valnemulin > Tylvalosin > Tiamulin > Lincomycin > Tylosin
97
Swine - Polyserositis
Streptococcus suis, Haemophilus parasuis (glassers), Mycoplasma hyophinis Florfenicol
98
Swine - Polyserositis
Streptococcus suis, Haemophilus parasuis (glassers), Mycoplasma hyophinis Florfenicol
99
Porcine respiratory disease complex
Conc. dependent: Enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin (one shot, high dose) Time dependent: Amoxicillin, ceftiofurm cefquinom (3-5 days)
100
M. hyopneumoniae
Tylvalosin Tulathromycin Tiamulin Valnemulin
101
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
Separation, Parenteral AB + NSAIDS (PO) Ceftiofur Cefquinom Florfenicol Enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin
102
PDS, MMA
``` Ceftiofur (95) Cefquinome (95) Colistin (98) Florfenicol Enrofloxacin ```
103
Staphylococcus hyicus
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid Tylosin Lincomycin PotSA
104
E. rhusiopathiae
Penicillin | Amoxicillin
105
E. rhusiopathiae
Penicillin | Amoxicillin
106
M. hyosynoviae
Tylvalosin tulathromycin gamithromycin florfenicol

Prudent use of AB - (1 decks)

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