Treatment - Pharmacology - Antimicrobials/Vaccines Flashcards
How does Doxycycline work?
Inhibits protein synthesis by messing up transfer RNA & AA synthesis
What are indications for Doxycycline?
Acne vulgaris Syphilis URI infx Brucellosis Chancroid Rickettsiae: tick fever Plague Non-gonoccoal urethritis Typhoid
What are side effects of Doxycycline?
GI: abd cramps, D, candidiasis, dysbiosis, GI irritation
Nephrotoxicity
Staining of teeth
What are drug/nutrient interactions of Doxycycline?
DEC absorption of Ca and Fe
DEC effect of OCPs
INC effect of Digoxin
What are contraindications of Doxycycline?
Pregnancy
Children <8 yo
How does Metronidazole work?
Activated nitro intermediates bind DNA and inhibit replication
What are indications for Metronidazole?
Giardiasis
Trichomonas
Amebiasis
What are side effects of Metronidazole?
GI: N, bloating, cramping, anorexia
HA
Dry Mouth
What are signs of Metronidazole toxicity?
GI: V, D
Stomatitis, Dizziness, Insomnia
What are contraindications of Metronidazole?
Alcohol
Severe Liver Disease
How do penicillin drugs work?
Beta-lactum part of the structure binds the penicillin binding proteins found on the bacterial cell wall and inhibits the cross linking of bacterial cell wall components
What is the spectrum of action of penicillin drugs?
Gram-positive cocci
Neisseria gonorrhoeae & meningitidis
Most anaerobes
What are the penicillin drugs not effective against?
Gram negative anaerobes
Beta-Lactamase producing organisms
In what infections is penicillin the drug of choice?
Streptococcal info: pharyngitis, erysipelas Pneumococcal infx Periodontal infx Skin & soft tissue infx Syphilis: Treponema pallidum
What are some side effects of penicillin?
Hypersensitivity rxn: anaphylaxis, hemolysis
Neurological toxicity (rare)
Nephrotoxicity
Neutropenia
What is a broad spectrum penicillin derivative drug?
Amoxicillin
What is the goal of effective anti-microbial Tx?
Take advantage of the differences btwn microbial and eukaryotic cells
What are some of the unique features of microbes targeted by particular antimicrobial drugs?
Cell walls
Diff. ribosomal structure
Diff. enzymes
WHat’s the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic drugs?
- cidal: drugs kill organisms
- static: drugs ‘maim’ organisms by inhibiting replication, allowing the immune system to kill
What are some of the protected sites in the body that make it tough for drugs to get in?
Brain Joints Testes Eyes Abscess walls
What are gram (+) organisms?
Strep
Staph
What are some features of Gram (+) organisms?
Thick cell wall surrounding them, ability to take up gram stain
What are the classes of Abx? (7)
Cephalosporins Aminoglycosides Macrolides Tetracyclines Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones Anti-TB drugs
What makes a drug part of the beta-lactum group?
Structure! Beta lactum ring is the ring structure in the center of the molecule
