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NPLEX II Emma and Britt > Treatment - Pharmacology - Antimicrobials/Vaccines > Flashcards

Treatment - Pharmacology - Antimicrobials/Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

How does Doxycycline work?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by messing up transfer RNA & AA synthesis

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2
Q

What are indications for Doxycycline?

A 
Acne vulgaris
Syphilis
URI infx
Brucellosis
Chancroid
Rickettsiae: tick fever
Plague
Non-gonoccoal urethritis
Typhoid
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3
Q

What are side effects of Doxycycline?

A

GI: abd cramps, D, candidiasis, dysbiosis, GI irritation
Nephrotoxicity
Staining of teeth

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4
Q

What are drug/nutrient interactions of Doxycycline?

A

DEC absorption of Ca and Fe
DEC effect of OCPs
INC effect of Digoxin

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5
Q

What are contraindications of Doxycycline?

A

Pregnancy

Children <8 yo

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6
Q

How does Metronidazole work?

A

Activated nitro intermediates bind DNA and inhibit replication

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7
Q

What are indications for Metronidazole?

A

Giardiasis
Trichomonas
Amebiasis

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8
Q

What are side effects of Metronidazole?

A

GI: N, bloating, cramping, anorexia
HA
Dry Mouth

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9
Q

What are signs of Metronidazole toxicity?

A

GI: V, D

Stomatitis, Dizziness, Insomnia

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10
Q

What are contraindications of Metronidazole?

A

Alcohol

Severe Liver Disease

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11
Q

How do penicillin drugs work?

A

Beta-lactum part of the structure binds the penicillin binding proteins found on the bacterial cell wall and inhibits the cross linking of bacterial cell wall components

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12
Q

What is the spectrum of action of penicillin drugs?

A

Gram-positive cocci
Neisseria gonorrhoeae & meningitidis
Most anaerobes

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13
Q

What are the penicillin drugs not effective against?

A

Gram negative anaerobes

Beta-Lactamase producing organisms

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14
Q

In what infections is penicillin the drug of choice?

A 
Streptococcal info: pharyngitis, erysipelas
Pneumococcal infx
Periodontal infx
Skin &amp; soft tissue infx
Syphilis: Treponema pallidum
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15
Q

What are some side effects of penicillin?

A

Hypersensitivity rxn: anaphylaxis, hemolysis
Neurological toxicity (rare)
Nephrotoxicity
Neutropenia

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16
Q

What is a broad spectrum penicillin derivative drug?

A

Amoxicillin

17
Q

What is the goal of effective anti-microbial Tx?

A

Take advantage of the differences btwn microbial and eukaryotic cells

18
Q

What are some of the unique features of microbes targeted by particular antimicrobial drugs?

A

Cell walls
Diff. ribosomal structure
Diff. enzymes

19
Q

WHat’s the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic drugs?

A
  • cidal: drugs kill organisms

- static: drugs ‘maim’ organisms by inhibiting replication, allowing the immune system to kill

20
Q

What are some of the protected sites in the body that make it tough for drugs to get in?

A 
Brain
Joints
Testes
Eyes
Abscess walls
21
Q

What are gram (+) organisms?

A

Strep

Staph

22
Q

What are some features of Gram (+) organisms?

A

Thick cell wall surrounding them, ability to take up gram stain

23
Q

What are the classes of Abx? (7)

A 
Cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones
Anti-TB drugs
24
Q

What makes a drug part of the beta-lactum group?

A

Structure! Beta lactum ring is the ring structure in the center of the molecule

25
Q

What are some of the Abx that are in the beta-lactum group?

A

Penicillins
Cephaosporins
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin

NPLEX II Emma and Britt (4 decks)

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