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Pulmonology > Treatment of Viral Pneumonia > Flashcards

Treatment of Viral Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

Influenza A and B

A

Oseltamivir (PO)
Zanamivir (Inhalation)
**Get flu vaccine to prevent.

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2
Q

Influenza A

A

Amantadine (PO)
Rimantadine (PO)
**Get flu vaccine.

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3
Q

RSV

A

Ribavirin (inhalation, IV)

**Palivizumab (IM) for prevention.

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4
Q

Adenovirus

A

Cidofovir (IV)

**Vaccine for Types 4 and 7

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5
Q

Rhinovirus

A
  • *No Treatment

* *Alfa interferon (intranasal) and ribavirin (off label) for prevention

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6
Q

Enteroviruses

A

No Treatment or Prevention

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7
Q

Human Metapneumovirus

A

Ribavirin (IV)

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8
Q

Hantavirus

A

Ribavirin (IV)

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9
Q

Varicella-Zoster

A

Acyclovir (IV)
Valacyclovir (IV)
**VZ Vaccine

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10
Q

MOA of Acyclovir

A

Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis via DNA polymerase inhibition.

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11
Q

MOA of Amantadine

A

Inhibition of viral entry or uncoating.

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12
Q

MOA of Cidofovir

A

Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis via DNA polymerase inhibition.

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13
Q

MOA of Oseltamavir

A

Inhibition of release of flu virus from host cell.

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14
Q

MOA of Ribavirin

A

Inhibition of viral nucleic acid synthesis.

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15
Q

MOA of Rimantadine

A

Inhibiton of viral entry or uncoating

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16
Q

MOA of Valcyclovir

A

Prodrug of acyclovir.

Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis via DNA polymerase inhibition.

17
Q

MOA of Zanamivir

A

Inhibiton of release of flu virus from infected cell.

18
Q

Metabolism of Acyclovir

A

Viral cells transform it to its active triphosphate form

Systemically elimination unchanged by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.

19
Q

Metabolism of Amantadine

A

Systemically elimination by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.

20
Q

Metabolism of Cidofovir

A

Metabolized by pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase to mono and then diphosphate analogs then finally to monophosphate choline.
Systemically elimination by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.

21
Q

Metabolism of Oseltamavir

A

HEPATICALLY metabolized to the corboxylate active form of the drug.
Systemic elimination via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.

22
Q

Metabolism of Ribavirin

A

Undergoes NON CYP metabolism in nucleated cells with systemic elimination of drug and its products in urine.

23
Q

Metabolism of Rimantadine

A

Extensive hepatic metabolism with renal elimination of drug and metabolites.

24
Q

Metabolism of Valcyclovir

A

Converted to acyclovir by first pass metabolism.

Systemic elimination by glomerular secretion and tubular secretion.

25
Q

Metabolism of Zanamivir

A

Renally eliminated unchanged.

26
Q

Toxicity of Acyclovir

A

Headache, nausea, elevated hepatic enzymes, nasopharyngitis, NEUTROPENIA.

  • *MAINTAIN HYDRATION to prevent renal precipitation.
  • *Use caution in renal impairment and with renotoxic drugs.
27
Q

Toxicity of Amantadine

A

Neurological effect, Nausea, ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.

**Contraindicated in glaucoma and breast feeding.

28
Q

Toxicity of Cidofovir

A

Neurological, Hematological, and tubular damage.

***Black Box Warning for renal impairment.

29
Q

Toxicity of Oseltamavir

A

Minimal adverse effect.
Potential for fatal neuropsychiatric effects in flu patients.
Rare serious skin rash.

30
Q

Toxicity of Ribavirin

A

Fatigue, headache, nausea, myalgia, fever.

**BlackBox Warning for hemolytic anemia and M/F teratogenicity.

31
Q

Toxicity of Rimantadine

A

Minimal

32
Q

Toxicity of Valcyclovir

A

Headache, nausea, elevated hepatic enzymes, nasopharyngitis, NEUTROPENIA.

  • *MAINTAIN HYDRATION to prevent renal precipitation.
  • *Use caution in renal impairment and with renotoxic drugs.
33
Q

Toxicity of Zanamivir

A

Headache, tonsil/throat pain, cough, viral infection,

***Not to be used with underlying pulmonary disease due to fatal bronchospasm.

Pulmonology (5 decks)

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