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GI > Treatment of GI Infections > Flashcards

Treatment of GI Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between cathartics and laxatives?

A

cathartics–> accelerate defecation

laxative–> eases defecation

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2
Q

Agents to treat C diff

A

ORAL vancomycin

fidaxomicin

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3
Q

Agents to treat campylobacter jejuni

A

ciprofloxacin

azithromycin

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4
Q

Agents to treat salmonella

A

ciprofloxacin

azithromycin

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5
Q

Agents to treat shigella

A

ciprofloxacin

azithromycin

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6
Q

What bacteria have additional antimicrobials that can be used?

A

campylobacter
shigella
salmonella

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7
Q

What abx is a glygopeptide used to treat c diff

A

vancomycin

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8
Q

What abx is a fluoroquinolone used to treat campylobacter, shigella and salmonella?

A

ciprofloxacin

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9
Q

What drugs are macrolides

A

fidaxomicin (c diff)

azithromycin (camp, sal,shig)

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10
Q

What antihelmintic is for cutaneous use only?

A

thiabendazole

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11
Q

What is a common suffix of drugs used to treat helminth infections?

A

-bendazole

class of benzimidazoles

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12
Q

MOA of benzimidazoles (BZAs)

A
  • inhibit microtubule polymerization via beta-tubulin binding
  • –> reduces glucose transport
  • inhibits mito fumarate reductase
  • -> immobilizaiton and death of helminths
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13
Q

MOA Ivvermectin (Stromectol)

A

binds selectively with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels

  • *hyperpolarize–> paralysis of worm nerves and muscles
  • –> immobilizaiton, death
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14
Q

MOA for nitazoxanide (alinia)

A

interferes with PFOR enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction
–>essential to anaerobic energy metaolism

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15
Q

MOA of praziquantel (bltricide)

A

increases cell membrane permeability–> loss of intracellular calcium, massive contractions–> paralysis

  • disintegration of schistosome tegument–> attachment of phagocytes leading to death
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16
Q

MOA of pyrantel pamoate (PinX or Ascorel or Antiminith)

A

depolarizing neuromusclar blocker

*opens non-selective cation channels–> Ach release, also inhibits cholinesterases to cause paralysis of parasite

17
Q

What suffix of drug is used to treat GI anti-protozoals?

A

-azole

18
Q

Paromomycin (Humatin) MOA

A

unknown, but works similar to other aminoglycosides at 30S ribosome

19
Q

MOA of Flagyl (Metronidazole) and Tindamax (Tinidazole)

A

antibacterial and anti-protozoal

pro-drug, creates nitro-radicals with disrupts DNA

20
Q

MOA of Atovaquone-Proguanil (Malarone)

A

Atovaquone: selectively interferes with mito electron transfer and ATP biosynthesis

Proguanil: selectively inhibits DHF reductase, thymidylate synthase–> inhibits DNA synthesis

21
Q

Agents of choice for amebiasis (entamoeba histolytica)

A

metronidazole followed by paromomycin

22
Q

Agents of choice for hookworm (ancylostoma, necator americanus)

A

Albendazole (Mebendazole)

23
Q

Agents of choice for roundworm (ascaris lumbricoides)

A

Albendazole (Mebendazole)

24
Q

Agents of choice for giardiasis (giardia)

A

metronidazole (tinidazole)

25
Q

Agents of choice for adult forms of tapeworm (diphyllobothrium latum, taenia)

A

praziquantel

26
Q

Agents of choice for larval form of tapeworm echinococcus granulosus

A

albendazole + praziquantel

27
Q

Agents of choice for larval form of tapeworm taenia solium (cysticercosis)

A

albendazole

28
Q

Agents of choice for pinworm (enterobius vermicularis)

A

mebendazole (albendazole)

29
Q

Agents of choice for schistosomiasis

A

praziquantel + steroids for neuro dz

30
Q

Agents of choice for threadworm (strongyloides stercoralis)

A

Ivermectin

31
Q

Agents of choice for whipworm (trichuris trichiura)

A

mebandazole (albendazole)

32
Q

Agents of choice for trichinellosis

A

albendazole (mebendazole) + steroids for severe dz

33
Q

Agents of choice for cryptosporidiu

A

nitazoxanide

34
Q

Agents of choice for cyclospora cayetanensis

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)

***ciprofloxacin for sulfa-allergic patients

GI (4 decks)

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