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Occupational Therapy - 545 > Treatment of Cardio/Muscle Endurance and Fine Motor > Flashcards

Treatment of Cardio/Muscle Endurance and Fine Motor Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Adult Heart Rate

A

60-100 beats per minute

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2
Q

Bradycardia

A

HR below 60 beats per min

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3
Q

Tachycardia

A

HR above 100 beats per min

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4
Q

Maximal Heart Rate

A

220-age

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5
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat

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6
Q

Cardiac Output

A

CO = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

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7
Q

Maximum Plateau of stroke volume

A

The point where diastolic filling time becomes too short to allow adequate filling time

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8
Q

Conditions that decrease Cardiac Output:

A
  • High Blood Pressure (increased resistance to outflow)
  • Peripheral artery disease (decreased venous return)
  • Weak heart muscle (decreased stroke volume)
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9
Q

Benefits of cardio conditioning:

A
  • Reduced resting heart rate
  • increased stroke volume, increased venous return, increased myocardial contraction (heart is stronger can pump out more blood)
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10
Q

Blood Pressure =

A

CO (cardiac output) x TPR (total peripheral resistance - some of all forces that resist blood flow)

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11
Q

Systolic pressure

A

Contraction of Ventricles (higher measure)

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12
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

Relaxation of the heart

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13
Q

What do you do if someone’s systolic pressure is not increasing during exercise?

A

Stop the exercise. If you are not increasing systolic pressure you are not increasing delivery of oxygen to muscles (SP is proportional to O2).

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14
Q

Normal to have decreased Blood Pressure after exercise?

A

Yes

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15
Q

When training to increase cardio endurance you have a: (BENEFITS)

A
  • Increase in total blood volume and therefore in amount of hemoglobin. (If someone has been in ICU for a few weeks they will have a decrease in blood volume because they are not moving and it contributes to the de-conditioning they are experiencing).
  • Increase in volume of air/breath
  • Increase diffusing capacity - capacity to exchange O2 and CO2
  • reduced resting heart rate
  • Increased stroke volume, increased venous return, and increased myocardial contraction
  • blood flow increased to skeletal muscles
  • Decreased pulmonary resistance to air flow (someone with righty in lungs will have decreased ability to expand lungs and increased pulmonary resistance to air flow).
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16
Q

Maximal Aerobic Capacity

A
  • Measure for cardio endurance

- maximal amount of O2 that can be taken and dispensed to muscle during exercises

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17
Q

Fatigue in cardio occurs when:

A

insufficient O2 is supplied to muscles (fit people can maintain activities longer because their capacity to exchange O2 and CO2 is greater and their cardiac stroke volume is greater)

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18
Q

Three factors that determine the maximal rate at which O2 can be transported and used:

A

1) External respiration (pulmonary function)
2) Gas transport (cardiovascular system)
3) Internal respiration (cells use of O2 for energy)

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19
Q

A significant reduct in cardio fitness after ______ of detraining.

A

2 weeks

20
Q

Reduces or returns to pertaining or sedentary levels of fitness:

A

After 10 weeks to 8 months.

21
Q

A loss of ___ cardio fitness after 4-12 weeks.

A

50%

22
Q

Reduced training shows _________ reductions after 5-15 weeks.

A

Modest to no (will not be as bad if they do nothing at all, can keep it up in other areas if they have one limb injured)

23
Q

Muscle endurance is its ability to sustain intensive activity. It is primarily related to:

A

O2 delivery.

24
Q

Slow Twitch fibres are associated with:

A

long-duration, aerobic-type activities

25
Q

Fast twitch fibres are associated with:

A

short term, high intensity activities, mainly anaerobic

26
Q

A high ratio of slow versus fast twitch fibres =

A

More efficient O2 consumption

27
Q

Causes of muscle fatigue:

A
  • Impaired capillary transportation (lack of O2)
  • Insufficient storage of glycogen (sugar = energy, if they have not been eating well, healing wounds consumes their sugar stores and proteins)
  • ATP disruption
    Insufficient amount of motor units: all available units are activated for minimal force
    no or insufficient resting period
28
Q

Signs of muscle fatigue:

A
  • Accumulation of lactic acid (cramping, burning, tremor, need to sit them down right away if they tremor and allow muscles to rest and potentially can do another set later)
  • Slowed nerve conduction velocity (reduced muscle tension, extreme: inability to hold contraction)
  • BE AWARE of these signs, could collapse
29
Q

Isotonic (Dynamic Endurance):

A
  • Number of repetitions (i.e folding laundry, putting cans away)
30
Q

Isometric (Static endurance):

A
  • Can be held for 5-6 min at 25% MVC; 1-2 min. at 50% and momentarily at 100% MVC
  • Be careful because it increases BP and stress cardiopulmonary system
31
Q

Measure cardio with:

A
  • Borg Scale

- Rating of perceived exertion (want to in endurance training zone)

32
Q

Assessment of cardio-respiratory function (Vital Signs)

A
  • Heart rate (60-100 BpM)
  • Respiratory Rate (18-20 breaths/min.)
  • Blood pressure (100-140/60-90)
  • Oximeter - O2 Saturation (= or > 97%)
  • STAY IN THESE PARAMETERS
33
Q

Assessment of Cardio Activity Endurance:

A
  • Intensity (Resistance, Speed - how long can they put away groceries for)
  • Duration (how long till they have to sit down and rest)
  • Frequency (3 times a day or only able to do the activity at that level once a day)
34
Q

Other cardio assessments:

A
  • Treadmill Test

- VO2 Max

35
Q

Cardio Assessment: Metabolic equivalent (MET):

A

A unit used to estimate the amount of oxygen used by the body during physical activity

36
Q

1 MET =

A

Resting O2 consumption of an average person (Light < 3 METs, Moderate = 3-6 METs, Vigorous > 6 Mets)

37
Q

Person and interpersonal cardio assessments:

A
  • Fatigue (general and muscular)
  • decreased ability to perform activities
  • irritability
  • decreased motivation
  • decreased social interactions
  • sleep patterns
38
Q

Cardio Training prescription:

A
  • 3-5 times per week with at least one day off at 55/65-90% of MHR (MHR = 220-age) for at least 20 min. (20-60 min.) of continuous activity with HR elevated to working level
  • Type: Aerobic, repetitive, whole-body, large muscle movements, elevate heart rate and maintain it
39
Q

Indicators of increased endurance:

A
  • Decreased resting HR
  • Increased ability to perform activities at higher METs
  • Number of repetitions in a defined time (i.e. 10 reps/min versus 5 per min)
  • Increased duration (Time performing an activity (3 to 10 min) or Holding the contraction (i.e. 15 to 30 seconds).
40
Q

Someone is at their cardio limit if:

A
  • Muscle fatigue
  • Dyspnea
  • Weakness
  • Tingling
  • Angina
  • Pallor/cyanosis
    MAKE THEM SIT DOWN AND REST!!!!
41
Q

Can increase endurance minutes by about:

A

2.5 minutes in 1 week.

42
Q

Adaptive Treatment for lack of endurance:

A
  • Depends on METs
  • Energy Conservation Methods:
  • Sufficient sleep
  • prioritize (set an energy board)
  • plan
  • divide up tasks
  • pace
  • use labor saving products or techniques
  • emotions
  • stress management
  • respect your limits
  • delegate
43
Q

Fine motor control is:

A

the coordination of muscular, skeletal and neurological functions to produce small, precise movements. It involves eye-hand coordination, and dissociating between different movement. (Example: cutting, writing, tying, lacing, manipulation). It is often with opposition finger-thumb (Lateral, Tripod or Tip Pinch)

44
Q

Assessment of fine Motor:

A
  • Jebsen Test of Hand function
  • Purdue Pegboard
  • Functional Dexterity Test
  • TEMPA
45
Q

Biomechanical Approach for Fine Motor:

A
  • Increase strength, ROM, endurance, sensibility
  • Decrease Edema
  • Incorporate goals within therapeutic activities that simulates an activity that is required in their life
  • Need to practice motor planning and pattern learning, so repetitive training is required.
  • Practice tasks (slow to fast, imprecise to accurate, non-resistive to resistive, textured surface to smooth, gravity assisted to eliminated, proximal with support to distal with no support)
46
Q

Adaptive Approach to Fine Motor:

A
  • Change materials or texture of materials
  • Change the size or shape of the objects
  • Change the method of doing the activity
  • Add weights
  • Modify clothing and utensils (i.e. velcro, reducing fastenings)
  • Goal: Will independently feed self with a spoon and fork with built up handle in 1/52 from today.

Occupational Therapy - 545 (1 decks)

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