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PSYCHIATRIC NURSING (MIDTERM) > TREATMENT MODALITIES FOR MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS > Flashcards

TREATMENT MODALITIES FOR MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS Flashcards

1
Q

Is usually the foundation for a successful treatment approach that can be use in combination with other approaches such as psychotherapy,etc..

A

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

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2
Q

Most treatment for mental health disorderss are categorized into:

A

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
SOMATIC
PSYCHOTHERAPY

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3
Q

Includes psychotherapy, behavior therapy techniques and hynotherapy.

A

PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TREATMENTS

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4
Q

Includes drugs, ECT, and other therapies that stimulates the transceanial magnetic stimulation and vagus nerve.

A

SOMATIC TREATMENT

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5
Q

Is the study of drug effects in clients and the expert use of drugs in the treatment of psychiatric conditions.

A

CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

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6
Q

Is a small organic molecule or peptide that participates in neural activity

A

NEUROCHEMICALS

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7
Q

Are chemical molecules that carry messages or signals from one nerve call to the next.

A

NEUROTRANSMITTER

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8
Q

Neurotransmitters can either be?

A

EXCITATORY OR INHIBITORY

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9
Q

Classifications of psychoactive or psychotherapeutic drugs?

A

ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS/NEUROLEPTICS
ANTIMANIC
ANTIANXIETY & HYPNOTICS
ANTICONVULSANTS
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
ANTIPARKINSONISM OR ANTICHOLINERGIC
STIMULANTS

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10
Q

Is a procedure in which precise x-ray beams takes cross sectional images layer by layer?

A

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

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11
Q

A type of body scan an energy field is created woth huge magnet and radio waves. The energy field is converted to a visual image or scan. Produces more tissue details and contrast than CT Scan.

A

MRI

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12
Q

Neurotransmitter that may result in neurotoxicity if levels are too high

A

GLUTAMATE

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13
Q

Controls sleep and wakefulness cycle, signal muscles to become alert

A

ACETYLCHOLINE

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14
Q

Enhance, prolong, or inhibit or limit the effects of principal neurotransmitters

A

NEUROPEPTIDES

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15
Q

Controls alertness, gastric secretions, cardiac stimulation, peripheral allerguc reactions?

A

HISTAMINE

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16
Q

Controls food intake and wakefulness, temperature regulation, pain control, sexual behaviors, regulation of emotion

A

SEROTONIN

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17
Q

Controls fight or flight response.

A

EPINEPHRINE

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18
Q

Causes chabges in attention, learning, and memory, sleep and wakefulness, mood

A

NOREPINEPHRINE

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19
Q

Controls comples movements, cognition, regulates emotional response.

A

DOPAMINE

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20
Q

Treats psychosis

A

ANTI PSYCHOTICS

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21
Q

Treat depression

A

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

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22
Q

Stabilize mood

A

MOOD STABILIZERS

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23
Q

Anti anxiety?

A

ANXIOLYTICS

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24
Q

A drug thay speeds up messages travelling between the brain and body?

A

STIMULANTS

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25
Q

Refers to a maximal therapeutic effect that a drug can achieve.

A

EFFICACY

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26
Q

Describez the amount of drug needed to achieve the maximum effect.

A

POTENCY

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27
Q

Is the time it takes for half of the drug to be removed from ythe bloodstream

A

HALF LIFE

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28
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants can take how many weeks before the patient can experience optimal therapeutic benefit?

A

4-6 WEEKS

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29
Q

Older adults require low or high dosage of meds that younger patients to experience therapeutic effect?

A

LOWER DOSAGE

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30
Q

What do you call it when medication are decreased gradually rather than abruptly?

A

TAPERING

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31
Q

Why do we do tapering of the medication or dosage?

A

BECAUSE OF POTENTIAL PROBLEMS WITH REBOUND( TEMPORARY RETURN OF SYMPTOMS) RECURRENCE(OF THE ORIGINAL SX) WITHDRAWAL (NEW SX RESULTING FROM DISCONT OF THE DRUG

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32
Q

Formerly known as neuroleptics

A

ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS

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33
Q

Mechanism of action of antilsychotic meds?

A

Block receptors for the neurotransmitter dopamine

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34
Q

Antipsychotic drugs classification

A

CONVETIONAL OR FIRST GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTIC
ATYPICAL OR SECOND GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTICS
THIRD GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTICS

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35
Q

Are potent antagonist blockers and are effective in treating target symptoms but produces many EPS effects

A

CONVENTIONAL/ FIRST GEN ANTIPSYCHOTICS

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36
Q

Examples of first gen antipsychotics?

A

HALOPERIDOL(HALDOL)
CHLORPROMAZINE(THORAZINE)

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37
Q

Examples of 2nd gen or atypical antilpsychotic?

A

CLOZAPINE
RISPERIDONE
OLANZAPINE
QUETIAPINE

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38
Q

Are effective in treating the depressive aspects of schizo?

A

SSRIs (under atypical or 2nd gen)

39
Q

They enhance or preserve dopaminergic transmission when it is too low and reduce it when it is too high

A

DOPAMINE SYSTEM STABILIZERS( THIRD GEN ANTI PSYCHOTIC)

40
Q

Examples of third gen drug anti psychotic

A

ARIPIPRAZOLE
BREXPIPRAZOLE

41
Q

Common side effects of 3rd gen anti psych?

A

SEDATION
WEIGHT GAIN
AKATHISIA
HEADACHE
ANXIETY
NAUSEA

42
Q

A time release form of intramuscular medication for maintenance therapy

A

DEPOT INJECTION

43
Q

After latients condition is stabilized with oral doses of these medication, administration by depot injection is required every 2-4 weeks to maintain therapeutic effects

A

DECANOATE FLUPHENAZINE(7-28 DAYS) OILY FORM-IM
DECANOATE HALOPERIDOL( DURATION OF 4 WKS)

44
Q

Other band in depot form:
Risperidone 25 mg given every?
Olanzapine pamoate 210 mg every?
Or 405 mg every?

A

2 WKS
2 WKS
4 WKS

46
Q

Includes acute muscualr rigidity and cramping, a stiff or thick tongue with difficulty swallowing. In severe cases, laryngospasm and respiratory difficulties

A

ACUTE DYSTONIA

47
Q

Likely to occur in the 1st wk of tx. In patients younger than 40 yrs, in males and those receiving high potency drugs such as haloperidol

A

ACUTE DYSTONIA

48
Q

Other sx of acute dystonia:

A

TORTICOLLIS
OPISTHOTONOUS
OCULOGYRIC CRISIS
ACUTE DYSTONIC REACTION

49
Q

Twisted head and neck due to spasm or stiffness in the muscle group

A

TORTICOLLIS

50
Q

Eyes rolled back in a locked position

A

OCULOGYRIC CRISIS

51
Q

Tightness in the entire body with the head, back, and arched neck

A

OPISTHOTONOUS

52
Q

Can be painful and frightening to the patient

A

ACUTE DYSTONIC REACTION

53
Q

Treatment for Acute Dystonia

A

ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS( BENZTROPINE MESYLATE-COGENTIN IM/ORAL)
DIPHENHYDRAMINE(BENADRYL IM/IV)

54
Q

Sx resembles those of parkinson disease. Stiff stooped posture, mask like facies, decreased arm swing, shuffling, festinating gait, cogwheel rigidity, drooling, tremor, bradycardia and coarse pill rolling of the thumb and fingers while at rest.

A

PSEUDOPARKINSONISM

55
Q

How is parkinsonism treated?

A

By changing to an antipsychotic medication that has lower incidence of EPS or by adding an oral anticholinergic agent

57
Q

An intense need to move about, patient appears restless, or anxious or agitated, often with rigid posture or gait or lack of spontaneous gestures

58
Q

Treatment for akathisia?

A

Change the antipsychotic med or by addition of an oral agent such as beta blocker, anticholinergic, benzodiazepine

59
Q

Is a potentially fatal idiosyncratic reaction to an anti psychotic drug

A

NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME

61
Q

A syndrome of inappropriate involuntary movements, is most commonly caused by long term use of conventional antipsychotic drug. Sx include involuntary movements of the tongue, facial and neck muscles, upper and lower extremities and truncal musculature

A

TARDIVE DYSKINESIA

62
Q

Characteristic of tardive dyskinesia

A

Tongue thrusting and protruding
Lip smacking
Blinking and grimacing

63
Q

1st drugs to treat tardive dyskinesia

A

VALBENAZINE
DEUTETRABENAZINE

64
Q

Anticholinergic side effects

A

ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
DRY MOUTH
CONSTIPATION
URINARY HESITANCE OR RETENTION
BLURRED NEAR VISION
DRY EYES
PHOTOPHOBIA
NASAL CONGESTION
DECREASED MEMORY

65
Q

Prodices fewer traditional side effects than do most antipsychotic drugs but it has fatal side effect of agranulocytosis

66
Q

Severe low level of white blood cells called neutrophils

A

AGRANULOCYTOSIS

67
Q

Why do patient should take or drink sugar free hard candy?

A

To ease dry mouth

68
Q

Stool softeners are allowed for patients but not laxatives. Why?

A

They interfere with the absorption of medication

69
Q

What if the latient forgot a dose of antipsychotic medication? He or she can take the missed dose if it is only?

A

3 OR 4 HOURS LATE . IF MORE THAN 4 HRS OVERDUE, PT CAN OMIT THE DOSE

70
Q

Are primary used in the tx of major depressive illness, anxiety disorders, depressed phase of bipolar disorder and psychotic depression?

A

ANTIDEPRESSANTS DRUG

71
Q

Antidepressant drug interacts with?

A

NORE AND SERO

72
Q

What are the four groups of antidepressants?

A

●TRICYCLIC AND THE RELATED CYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS
●SSRIs
●MAOIs
●OTHER ANTIDEP SUCH AS DESVENLAFAXINE, VANLAFAXINE, DULOXETINE,NEFAZODONE

73
Q

Cause varying degrees of sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and anticholinergic side effects

A

CYCLIC ANTIDEP

74
Q

Were discovered to have a positive effect on depression. May have a low incidence of sedation and anticholinergic effects but must use with extreme caution for several reasons.

75
Q

Life threatening side effects of taking MAOIs

A

HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS

76
Q

Potentially lethal in overdose and pose a potential risk in clients with depression who maybe considering suicide

77
Q

Preferred drugs for clients at high risk for suicide

78
Q

Are often better choices for those who are potentially suicidal because they carry no risk or lethal overdose, however SSRIs are effective only for mild and moderate depression.

A

SSRIs
VENLAFAXINE
NEFAZODONE
BUPROPION

79
Q

Side effects of SSRIs

A

ANXIETY
AGITATION
AKATHISIA
NAUSEA
SEXUAL DYSFUNTION
INSOMNIA
DIEARRHEA
HEADACHE

80
Q

Side effects of cyclic antidepressants

A

DRY MOUTH
CONSTIPATION
URINARY HESITANCY OR RETENTION
DRY NASAL PASSAGES
BLURRED NEAR VISION
ORTHO HYPO
SEDATION
WEIGHT GAIN
TACHYCARDIA

81
Q

Side effects of MAOIs

A

DAYTIME SEDATION
INSOMNIA
WEIGHT GAIN
DRY MOUTH
ORTHO HYLO
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION

82
Q

An uncommon but potentially serious drug interaction which results from taking MAOIs and SSRIs at the same time

A

SEROTONIN SYNDROME

83
Q

Sx of serotonin syndrome

A

AGITATION
SWEATING
FEVER
TACHYCARDIA
HYPOTENSION
RIGIDITY
HYPERREFLEXA
COMA
DEATH IN EXTREME REACTION

84
Q

When to take SSRIs

A

1st thing in the morning unless sedation is a problem

85
Q

If the dose of SSRIs was forgotten the client can take the next dose after how many hours of the missed?

86
Q

If the client taking cyclic forgot the dose , he/she can take the next dose within how many hrs of the missed dose?

A

3 HOURS OR OMIT THE DOSE FOR THAT DAY

87
Q

Are used to treat bipolar disorder by stabilizing the client’s mood, preventing or minimizing the highs and lows that characterize bipolar illnesses and treating acute episodes of mania

A

MOOD STABILIZING DRUGS

88
Q

Is the most established mood stabilizer

89
Q

Anticonvulsants used as mood stabilizers which are also effective

A

CARBAMEZEPINE(TEGRETOL)
VALPROIC ACID(DEPAKOTE)

91
Q

Other anticonvulsants as mood stabilizers:

A

GABAPENTINE
TOPIRAMATE
OXCARBAZEPINE
LAMOTRIGINE
CLONAZEPAM

92
Q

The normal serum lithium level on the blood

A

0.5 mEq/L to 1.5 mEq/L

93
Q

Lithium levels should be monitored for how many days?

A

Every 2-3 days. Then should be monitored weekly. Once patient is stable it is check onvce a month.

PSYCHIATRIC NURSING (MIDTERM) (3 decks)

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