Treatment Flashcards
List different treatments
Positioning ACBT Manual techniques Exercise Medical management
Which treatment changes the V/Q relationship?
positioning
What three manual techniques are there?
vibrations, percussion and shaking
Why is positioning used?
It changes the V/Q relationship.
Uses gravity to assist drainage.
How long and how many positions should a patient be put into?
10 mins each positions, X3 positions per session.
During positioning, where does the area being drained need to be?
The uppermost
What is the V/Q relationship like in the upper zone?
Good ventilation, but decreased perfusion.
What is the V/Q relationship like in the middle zone?
Ventilation and perfusion are equal.
What is the V/Q relationship like in the lower zone?
Decreased ventilation, but increased perfusion as it is easier for blood to floe to.
What is the most dense part of the lung?
lower zone
What does ACBT stand for?
Active cycle of breathing technique.
What three stages does ACBT include?
breathing control, thoracic expansion and force expiratory technique.
What does ACBT do?
Aids sputum clearance and improves lung function
Describe breathing control as a part of ACBT
Diaphragmatic breathing.
Involves 5 breaths and encourages relaxation of upper chest.
Breathe in and stick tummy out.
Describe thoracic expansion as part of ACBT
Movement of the ribs outwards, active inspiration with a three second hold and repeat with 3-4 breaths.
Can add a hold and sniff which increases tidal volume and hold sniff the improve collateral ventilation.
Describe the forced expiratory technique as part of ACBT
Deep breath and long huff or short huff. Then cough to bring up sputum.
Describe collateral ventilation and ACBT
Air enters alveoli through intrabronchiolar channels of martin, bronchiolar alveolar channels of lambert and alveolar pores of kohn. Thoracic expansion exercises facilitate collateral ventilation and get behind sputum to move it. Large volume=lower pressure=small huff, small volume=high pressure= long huff.
How do manual techniques work?
Mechanical vibration helps loosen sputum out of bronchioles and alveoli and aid muscocilary transportation
What medical management is available?
Oxygen to improve sats, but it does not treat the underlying pathology.
Drugs and nebulisers(bronchodilators).
Hypertonic saline is given to decrease viscosity of sputum.
What does exercise do?
mobilisation increases tidal volume, increases HR cardiac output, can loosen sputum and maintains muscle strength.
