Treatment Flashcards
What are the 6 classes of asthma treatment and examples
- SABA - Salbutamol, terbutaline
- Corticosteroids - beclametasone, flucitason
- LABA- salmeterol
- Leukotriene receptor anatagonists - monteklast
- Xanthanes - phenothylline
- Anti IgE (-mab)
What colour inhaler is salbutamol(Ventolin)?
Blue
What colour inhaler is beclametasone?
Brown
What colour inhaler is the combined fluclitasone and salmeterol?
Purple
How should method dose inhalers be taken?
Exhale, slow breathe in for 4-6s and hold for up to 10s
How should dry powder inhalers be taken?
Exhale, rapid breath in and hold for 10 seconds
Why would spacers be used?
To increase efficacy of inhalation, particularly in kids
How do SABA work? (salbutamel, terbutaline) and how long do they take to work?
They are B2 receptor agonists and lead to the relaxation of small muscle.
Work over a few minutes and peak at 30 minutes
How do corticosteroids work (Beclametisone, flucitasone) and how often are they taken?
They dampen down the immune response and reduce the action of eosinophils, T-cells
Daily dose or in emergency
What are SABA side effects?
Tremor
Tachycardia
Hypokalaemia
What are corticosteroid side effects?
If inhaled -Oral thrush/dry mouth
If on a large dose - Cushing type syndome - Hyperglycaemia, weaken immune system, weight gain, thin skin and bruising, osteoporosis, mood changes
How do LABA (salmeterol, formeterol) work?
Same as SABA but over a long period of time. They last 12 hours
Can LABA and SABA be used together?
Yes
What should a LABA always be prescribed with?
Corticosteroid
What group are LABA contraindicated in?
Under 5s
What is an example of a corticosteroid and LABA together?
The purple one, flucitasone and salmeterol
How do the leukotriene antagonists work (Monteklast)?
They work by inhibiting the inflammatory mediated leukotriene and are well tolerated
Inhibit phosphodiesterase
How do the Xanthanes (theophylline) work?
Like beta agonists in blocking cAMP breakdown and therefore causing smooth muscle relaxation
What are the side effects of theophophylline
- It has a very narrow therapeutic window
- Nausea and vomiting
- Tachycardia
- Convulsions
- Coma
- Upregulates p450
It’s half life is affected by many things, eg macrolides increase and rifampicin decrease
How does omalizumab work?
Anti IgE so suppresses immune response
When is magnesium sulphate given?
IV in emergency situations
What treatment upregulates p450?
Theophyllines
Which treatment can cause bronchospasm?
NSAIDS
Which treatment can cause insomnia?
Prednisolone
What treatment inhibits phosphodiesterase?
Leukotriene antagonists
