Treaties (Hard Info only) Flashcards
Describe the treaty of St Germain
Signed September 1919 concerning Austria
Separated Austria from Hungary
Army was restricted 30,000
Austria lost land to the new states of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia
Conscription was abolished
Anschluss was banned
Describe the treaty of Neuilly
Signed November 1919 concerning Bulgaria
Reparations of 100 million
Army limited to 20,000
Gained Territory from Turkey
Lost Territory to Yugoslavia and Greece
Describe the treaty of Trianon
Signed June 1920 concerning Hungary
Lost 3 million in population
Army was limited to 35,000
Was due to pay reparations but was too poor so couldn’t
Lost substantial land to Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia (around 2/3 of total territory lost)
Describe the treaty of Sevres
August 1920 concerning Turkey
Lost Palestine to Britain
Lost Syria to France
Army was Limited to 50,000
It was not allowed an air force
Turkey tax, finances and budget were to be controlled by the allies
Who stopped the government signing the treaty
The Turkish nationalists
Who ran the Turkish nationalists
Mustafa Kemal Pasha
What parts of the Treaty of Sevres were able to be overturned by force
They drove the Greeks out of Smyrna
Forced the French to negotiate withdrawing from Turkish territory
Reached terms with the British over access to the Straits
What happened to Armenia during Sevres
Wilsons hopes of Armenia becoming an independent state were not supported in America
So Armenia opted to became part of the USSR over being forced to reunite with Turkey
Armenians regard killings of Armenians by the Turkish during 1920-23 as genocide
Describe the Treaty of Lausanne
Signed 1923
Smyrna and other area the Turks fought back for recognised as Turkish lands
Turkeys borders were fixed
What did Germany do when presented with the ToV
The new German government refused to sign the treaty and the German Navy sank its own ships in protest
German leader Ebert then reluctantly accepted knowing they’d be crushed easily if they tried to fight back
What were Wilsons 14 points (name the 7 most significant)
1 - No secret treaties
2 - Free Access to the seas and Free trade
3 - All countries to work towards disarmament
4 - Colonies have a say in their own future
5 - France to regain Alsace-Lorraine
6 - Self-determination for nations
7 - LON to be set up
Describe the Spartacist Uprising
A general strike against Weimar republic in January 1919
Supported by some soldiers and sailors who were communist
Ebert was forced with an uprising so was forced to get help from Friekorps
The rising was easily crushed by them
Describe the Kapp Putsch
Feb 1920 the defence minister demands the disbandment of two of the major Friekorps
This angered Kapp and other high-ranking officials so they took Berlin
Weimar gov tried to use Army but they refused to fight former comrades
Weimer gov fled Berlin and begged workers to resist
They resisted and after a large general strike and large opposition Kapp fled
Describe the Munich Putsch
November 1923 Hitler surprised leaders at gunpoint and demanded support accompanied with small Nazi party
However it was easily put down
Only 20 died overall
During his 5 years in prison Hitler wrote Mein Kampf
Give some terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Russia lost 27% of its arable land
Russia lost 26% of its railways
Russia lost 74% of its iron and coal
50 million Russian citizens displaced
Russia promised to pay 3 billion roubles in damage
