Travelers Flashcards
What is the most common travel-related illness?
travelers’ diarrhea
What is dysentery?
blood mixed in with loose stools
**often accompanied by fever
What usually causes travelers’ diarrhea?
- *mostly: E. coli
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Shigella
- Salmonella
What can be used for prophylaxis for TD?
bismuth subsalicylate
- *abx ppx not routinely recommended but could use:
- quinolone
- rifaximin
What is the primary anti-motility drug used for TD?
Loperamide
Tx: 4mg after first stool and 2 mg after subsequent ones up to—
—Rx: 16 mg/day
—OTC: 8mg/day
What abx may be used to treat TD?
macrolides
quinolone
rifaximin
**azithromycin is preferred for severe TD and dysentery
What causes typhoid fever?
Salmonella typhi
*spread by feces of someone with infection or chronic, asymptomatic carrier
How long before travel should the oral typhoid vaccine be completed?
1 week prior
How long before travel should IM vaccine be given?
2 weeks
What causes rice water stools?
vibrio cholerae
How is meningitis spread?
respiratory secretions
____ are insects that transmit disease.
vectors
____ is any place such as animal, insect, soil or plant, in which the disease lives and can multiply
reservoir
What should be used to protect against mosquito bites?
Repellent with 20-50% DEET as active ingredient
**DEET: N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide
How is dengue transmitted?
Aedes mosquito
How is malaria transmitted?
Anopheles mosquito
What is the most deadly species of malaria?
P. falciparum
What agents can be used as quick start malaria ppx?
Atovaquone/Proguanil–Malarone
Doxycyline
Primaquine–most effective drug against P. vivax (resistant strain)
What agents are used as advanced start malarial ppx?
Chloroquine
mefloquine (Lariam)
tafenoquine (Arakoda)
How is Japanese encephalitis transmitted?
mosquitos
How is Zika transmitted?
Aedes mosquito
sexual and blood transfusion associated transmission
What is the primary ppx medication for acute mountain sickness?
Acetazolamide
**CI with sulfa allergy
