Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PY6010 > Travel Health > Flashcards

Travel Health Flashcards

1
Q

What causes motion sickness?

A

The vestibular system in the inner ear is responsible for balance and motion, which the brain receives as signals.

During motion sickness, the brain receives conflicted signals from the vestibular system as well as the eyes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When do you refer someone who is experiencing motion sickness?

A

If their symptoms continue even after travel (labyrinthitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What pharmacological options are available for motion sickness?

A
  1. Hyoscine - 1 patch every 3 days, or 0.3-0.6mg every 4-6h
  2. Antihistamines - take 1-2h before journey
    - Promethazine - 25mg
    - Cyclizine - 50mg
    - Cinnarizine - 30mg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some non-pharmacological options for motion sickness?

A
  1. Ginger
  2. Acupressure bands
  3. Minimise head movements
  4. Avoid large meals/alcohol
  5. Fix vision on a stable object
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and how can it occur in travel?

A

It is a blood clot that develops in one of the deep veins in the calf/leg.
It can occur during long journeys (long periods of sitting), and periods of inactivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the symptoms of DVT?

A
  1. Pain/swelling of leg
  2. Redness of skin
  3. Aches in affected area
  4. Pulmonary embolism - where bits of the clot break apart & travel around the body, blocking a blood vessel in the lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the pharmacological treatments for DVT?

A
  1. Anticoagulants - heparin or warfarin

2. Graduated compression hosiery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the non-pharmacological treatments/preventions for DVT?

A
  1. Raising the leg to prevent pooling of blood
  2. Wearing loose/comfortable clothing
  3. Avoid excess alcohol/sleeping pills
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What factors can cause jet-lag?

A
  1. Disrupted circadian rhythm
  2. O2 levels - lower air pressure can reduce the amount of O2 in the blood
  3. East & west
  4. Other factors: stress, dehydration, alcohol, lack of sleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the pharmacological treatments for jet-lag?

A
  1. Melatonin - not used in the UK

2. Sleeping tablets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the non-pharmacological treatment options for jet-lag?

A
  1. Change sleep routine before travelling
  2. Limit caffeine/rest well during flight
  3. Avoid napping when arriving
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between UVA, UVB, and UVC light?

A

UVA: for tanning/ageing
UVB: for sunburn
UVC: filtered out by the ozone layer

  • REMEMBER (UV)A FOR AGEING, (UV)B FOR SUNBURN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who are more at risk of developing a sunburn?

A
  1. Fair skinned people (low melanin)
  2. Countries close to the equator
  3. <6yrs or >80yrs
  4. High altitudes
  5. Prolonged sun exposure
  6. Snow/ice/water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can one prevent sunburn?

A
  1. Avoid direct sun

2. Sunscreens - physical (deflect/block UVA/UVB) or chemical (absorb UVA/UVB light)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does SPF stand for and what does it indicate?

A

SPF: sun protection factor

It indicates the level of protection against UVB light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What treatments are considered for a sunburn?

A
  1. Water
  2. Moisturiser
  3. Painkillers
  4. Burn cream/dressings
17
Q

When do you refer someone who has a sunburn?

A

If they have severe blistering, or systemic effects

18
Q

What symptoms would a patient come to you with if you suspect they have skin cancer?

A
  1. Small lumps
  2. Flat or firm red spots
  3. Lumps with scaly tops
  4. Abnormal moles and freckles
19
Q

What is prickly heat also known as?

A

Miliaria

20
Q

Who are most likely to develop a prickly heat rash?

A
  1. Babies/children
  2. Overweight people
  3. Illness/immobility
21
Q

What causes prickly heat?

A
  1. Excessive sweating
  2. Dead skin cells + bacteria collect in sweat glands
  3. Sweat glands become blocked
  4. Sweat then traps beneath the skin in pockets
  5. These pockets then burst and release the sweat
  6. This causes a stinging/prickling sensation
22
Q

What is the treatment for prickly heat?

A
  1. Avoid excessive heat/humidity
  2. Wear loose clothing
  3. Keep skin cool
  4. Calamine lotion
  5. Hydrocortisone cream
23
Q

How does malaria spread in the body?

A
  1. Infected female mosquito bites a person
  2. Parasite enters the blood and travels to the liver where it develops
  3. It then re-enters the blood and infects RBCs
  4. Infected RBCs burst and release more parasites
24
Q

What factors can affect the levels of exposure to malaria?

A
  1. Temperature, seasons
  2. Rural vs urban locations
  3. Accommodation
  4. Types of activity
  5. Length of stay
25
Q

What does ABCD of malaria prevention stand for?

A

A: awareness of the risk
B: bite prevention
C: chemoprophylaxis
D: diagnosis

26
Q

What drugs are taken as malaria prophylaxis, and what are their doses/frequencies?

A
  1. Proguanil - 200mg daily
    - 1 week before, during, and 4 weeks after travel
  2. Chloroquine - 310mg weekly
    - 1 week before, during, and 4 weeks after travel
  3. Mefloquine - 250mg weekly
    - 3 weeks before, during, and 4 weeks after travel
  4. Doxycycline - 100mg daily
    - 2 days before, during, and 4 weeks after travel
  5. Malarone - atovaquone 250mg + proguanil 100mg
    - 1 tablet daily
    - 1-2 days before, during, and 1 week after travel
    - Its P version is maloff protect
27
Q

What are some symptoms of an insect bite/sting?

A
  1. Red/swollen/itchy
  2. Blisters
  3. Pus
  4. Flu-like symptoms if infected
28
Q

What complications can arise from insect bites/stings?

A
  1. Infections
  2. Lyme disease
  3. West Nile virus
  4. Malaria
29
Q

What are some pharmacological treatment options for insect bites/stings?

A
  1. Antihistamines
  2. Antibiotics if infected
  3. Hydrocortisone 1% cream/ointment
  4. Topical anaesthetic
30
Q

What strength of DEET (Jungle Formula) is used as an insect repellant?

A

30-50%

31
Q

What is considered as travellers diarrhoea?

A

If there are >3 loose stools in 24h, plus one of the symptoms:

  1. Nausea
  2. Vomiting
  3. Abdominal cramps
  4. Blood/mucus in stools
32
Q

How can travellers diarrhoea be treated?

A
  1. Rehydration with sachets (dioralyte, 1-2 sachets after each loose stool)
  2. Loperamide (4mg initially, then 2mg for up to 5 days taken after each loose stool)
33
Q

How can someone avoid obtaining travellers diarrhoea?

A
  1. Good hygiene measures
  2. Thoroughly cook food
  3. Ensure water is boiled and cooled
  4. Purify water by either boiling, chemical purification (iodine or halogens), or filtration
  5. Peel fruits and wash vegetables thoroughly
34
Q

What are some factors to consider before giving advice on travel vaccines?

A
  1. Where they are going + for how long
  2. Age + health
  3. What they will be doing there
  4. Where they are staying
35
Q

What are some common vaccinations that can be administered for a traveller?

A
  1. Polio, tetanus
  2. Hepatitis A/B
  3. Cholera
  4. Yellow fever
  5. Tuberculosis
36
Q

Where can someone find more information about travellers vaccines?

A

NHS Fit for Travel website.

37
Q

What is the role of the pharmacist in relation to travellers advice?

A
  1. Give effective health promotion to the public
  2. Administer vaccines/antimalarials
  3. Discuss/provide pharmaceutical & non-drug advice + supplies
  4. Raise awareness on travel medicine

PY6010 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions