Traumatic Brain Injury Flashcards
1
Q
Mild TBI Description
A
GCS - 13-15
LOC - <30 mins
PTA - <24 hrs
2
Q
Moderate TBI Description
A
GCS - 9-12
LOC - 30 mins-24 hrs
PTA - 24 hrs -7 days
3
Q
Severe TBI Description
A
GCS - 3-8
LOC - >24 hrs
PTA - >7 days
4
Q
Contusion
A
- localized injury
- blood clots to stop bleeding (like a bruise)
- ranges from minor to life-threatening
5
Q
Concussion
A
- wider reaching than contusion
- broad scale brain trauma
6
Q
Mechanisms of Injury
Blunt (closed)
A
- explosion/blast
- motor vehicle accidents
- fall
7
Q
Mechanisms of Injury
Penetrating (open)
A
- GSW
- Stab/Fragment
8
Q
What are the primary neuropathological effects of Closed TBI?
A
Contusions/haemorrhage
- Contusions: Coup and Contrecoup
- extradural, subdural, subarachnoid, intracranial haemorrhage, skull fracture
Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)
9
Q
What are the secondary neuropathological effects of Closed TBI?
A
- Ischaemic/Hypoxic
- Blood Flow & Metabolic Changes
- Cerebral Oedema
- Hydrocephalus
- increased Intracranial Pressure
10
Q
Where are the cerebral contusion sites of impact?
A
- Under the skull
- ateroinferior frontal
- antero temporal
- occipital region
Petechial haemorrhage -> coalesce -> intracerebral haematoma later on
11
Q
What is the most common focal brain injury?
A
Cerebral Contusion
