Traumatic Brain Injury Flashcards
It is an insult to the brain not of a degenerative or congenital nature caused by an external physical force that may produce a diminished or altered state of consciousness resulting in an impairment of cognitive abilities or physical functioning.
Traumatic Brain Injury
TBI can also result in the disturbance of ____________________, may be temporary or permanent and cause partial or total functional disability or psychosocial maladjustment.
Behavioral or emotional functioning
True or False: TBI a leading cause of death and disability in children
True
TBI can result in a range of traumatic injuries to what specific structures?
Scalp, Skull, and Brain
A study with respect to age revealed that emergency consultations were most common among children aged ______________.
0-4 years old (1,035 per 100,000 children and 80 per 100,000 were hospitalized)
The annual death rate from traumatic injury in children below <4 years old is ________.
5 per 100,000
True or False: The death rate is higher for children <4 years than for those 5–14 years of age
True
Hospitalization for traumatic brain injury was most commonly observed in what age group?
Adolescents (129 per 100,000)
Who is more prone to TBI?
Boys
The Leading cause of TBI children less than14 years old
Falls
The leading cause of TBI is less than four years old
Falls but are affected by abusive injuries and MVA (motor vehicular accidents)
Type of Injury during newborns
- Delivery Head Injury
- Intracranial Hemorrhages
- Cephalic Haematoma
- Subgaleal Haematoma
Type of Injury during Infants
- Accidental Head Injury
- Abusive Head Trauma
Type of Injury during Toddlers and school children
- Accidental Head Injury
Type of Injury during Adolescents
- Bicycle-related injuries
- Motorcycle-related injuries
- Sports-related Injuries
Give me the classification/s of TBI
- Mild
- Moderate
- Severe
TBi may also be categorized based on:
- the extent and nature of injury
- duration of loss of consciousness
- Post Traumatic Amnesia (PTA; loss of memory for events immediately following injury)
- and severity of confusion at initial assessment during the acute phase of injury.
Classification of TBI:
loss of consciousness for less than 30 minutes
an initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) or Paediatric GCS of 13 - 15 after 30 minutes of injury onset
Post Traumatic Amnesia for not greater than 24 hours
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
mTBI where there are no overt neuroimaging findings
Uncomplicated
- mTBI where there are intracranial abnormalities (e.g., bruising or a collection of blood in the brain) seen on CT Scan or MRI.
Complicated
is a loss of consciousness and/or Post Traumatic Amnesia for 1 - 24 hours and a GCS of 9 – 12.
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
Is a loss of consciousness for more than 24 hours and Post Traumatic Amnesia for more than 7 days with a GCS of 3 – 8.
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Symptoms of TBI: Physical Impairments
Speech
Vision
Hearing
Headaches
Symptoms of TBI: Cognitive Impairments
Short Term Memory Deficits
Impaired concentration
Impairments of perception
Symptoms of TBI: Emotional Impairments
Mood Swings
Denial
Anxiety
Medical Management of Severe TBI
Close monitoring and control of cerebral circulation and intracranial pressure through the use of sophisticated devices and control systems.
If the intracranial pressure cannot be controlled by traditional means, a large dose of __________.
Barbiturate
If barbiturate fails to control the pressure, ________.
lowering the body temperature may help.
1st Stage of Recovery of TBI
Exhibit eye opening to external stimuli and general responses
2nd Stage of Recovery of TBI
Demonstrates appropriate responses to command, ability to attend and concentrate and recognition of family members.
3rd Stage of Recovery TBI
Intervention becomes more functional and goal-oriented.
