Trauma Quizzes Flashcards
According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he/she:
CH 25 Trauma Overview
- has a bleeding dosorder or takes anticoagulant meds & has blunt/penetrating injury
- has systolic BP < 110 mmHg or HR > 110 bpm
- has GCS score < or equal to 13 with mechanism attributed to trauma
- was involved in motor vehicle crash in which another patient in same vehicle killed
has GCS score < or equal to 13 with mechanism attributed to trauma
Management: Transportation & Destinations
In contrast to Level III trauma center, a Level I must:
Ch 25 Trauma Overview
- have a general surgeon in-house 24 hours a day
- be able to stabilize patients before transferring to a higher level facility
- be involved in trauma prevention programs
- have access to an emergency physician within 30 min
have a general surgeon in-house 24 hours a day
Management: Transport & Destinations
When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should:
CH 25 Trauma Overview
- administer large amounts of IV fluid
- avoid giving O2 under positive pressure
- suspect an accompanying cardiac tamponade
- use demand valve to ventilate
avoid giving O2 under positive pressure
Blast Injuries
Signs of high-energy trauma in car crash
CH 25 Trauma Overview
- dismounted sets
- steering wheel collapse
- intrusion into vehicle
Blunt Trauma
Which of the following interventions is MOST critical to outcome of patient with multisystem trauma?
CH 25 Trauma Overview
- rapid transport to trauma center
- early admin of O2
- IV fluid admin
- elevation of lower extremities
rapid transport to trauma center
Multisystem Trauma
didn’t know
Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct resut of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash?
CH 25 Trauma Overview
- caved-in passenger door
- deformed steering wheel
- collapsed dashboard
- intrathoracic hemorrhage
deformed steering wheel
Blunt Trauma
A fractured femur can result in the loss of ___ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.
CH 26 Bleeding
- 2 L
- 1 L
- 250 mL
- 500 mL
1 L
Internal Bleeding
Capillaries link the arterioles & the:
CH 26 Bleeding
- veins
- venules
- cells
- aorta
venules
Anatomy & Physiology of the Circulatory System
didn’t know
Early S/S of intra-abdominal bleeding include:
CH 26 Bleeding
- significant hypotension
- bruising only
- widespread ecchymosis
- pain & distention
pain & distention
Internal Bleeding
Hypovolemic shock occurs when:
CH 26 Bleeding
low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion
External Bleeding
In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:
CH 26 Bleeding
- decreasing BP
- rapid, thready pulse
- dizziness upon standing
- rapid, shallow breathing
dizziness upon standing
Internal Bleeding
didn’t know
In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding might be:
CH 26 Bleeding
- weakness/dizziness
- low BP
- HR > 120 bpm
- diaphoresis/pale skin
weakness/dizziness
Internal Bleeding
Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as:
CH 26 Bleeding
circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body’s metabolic needs
Pathophysiology & Perfusion
The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the folllowing findings, EXCEPT:
CH 26 Bleeding
- clinical S/S
- MOI
- systolic BP
- poor general appearance
systolic BP
External Bleedings
Which body systems/components are most critical for supplying/maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?
CH 26 Bleeding
- adequate blood in the vasculature
- intact system of blood vessels
- effectively pumping heart
Anatomy & Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?
CH 26 Bleeding
- air splint
- cardboard splint
- vacuum splint
- sling/swathe
air splint
Emergency Med Care for External Bleeding
didn’t know
A hematoma develops when:
Ch 27 Soft Tissue Injuries
- severe swelling compromises arterial circulation
- large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged
- small amounts of blood leak into the epidermis
- cells & small vessels in the dermis are damaged
large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged
Pathophysiology of Closed/Open Injuries
A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin & a portion of the:
CH 27 Soft Tissue Injuries
dermal layer
Burns
All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, EXCEPT:
CH 27 Soft Tissue Injuries
- nose
- mouth
- lips
- anus
lips
Anatomy & Physiology of the Skin
Functions of dressings & bandages include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Ch 27 Soft Tissue Injuries
- control of external hemorrhage
- protection from further injury
- prevention of contamination
- immobilization of injury
immobilization of injury
Dressing & Bandages
Functions of the skin include:
CH 27 Soft Tissue Injuries
- regulation of body temperature
- maintenance of water balance
- sending information to the brain
Anatomy & Physiology of Skin
In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:
CH 27 Soft Tissue Injuries
an air embolism
Emergency Med Care for Open Injuries
In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human:
CH 27 Soft Tissue Injuries
- carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria & viruses
- is associated with a much higher risk of rabies infection
- is usually less severe because the human mouth is cleaner
- typically results in a minor infection that is slow-spreading
carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria & viruses
Emergency Med Care for Open Injuries
When treating a partial-thicknesss burn, you should:
CH 27 Soft Tissue Injuries
- avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics
- cover the burn with moist, sterile dressing
- rupture any blisters to prevent infection
- immerse affected part in warm water
avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics
Emergency Med Care of Burns
When treating a partial-thicknesss burn, you should:
CH 27 Soft Tissue Injuries
- avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics
- cover the burn with moist, sterile dressing
- rupture any blisters to prevent infection
- immerse affected part in warm water
avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics
Emergency Med Care of Burns
Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?
CH 27 Soft Tissue Injuries
- ears
- soles of feet
- back
- scalp
ears
Anatomy & Physiology of Skin
You have applied a dressing & roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness & tingling in her hand. You should:
CH 27 Soft Tissue Injuries
- remove gauze bandage + replace with elastic one
- assess distal circulation & readjust bandage as needed
- carefully manipulate her arm until symptoms subside
- remove bandage + dressing & apply another
assess distal circulation & readjust bandage as needed
Dressing & Bandages
The cricoid cartilage:
CH 28 Face & Neck Injuries
- is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea
- is easier to see & palpate than the thyroid cartilage
- lies superior to the cricothyroid membrane in the neck
- lies superior to the thyroid cartilage in the neck
is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea
Anatomy & Physiology
The inner surface of the eyelids & the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by a delicate membrane called the:
CH 28 Face & Neck Injuries
- sclera
- retina
- conjunctiva
- cornea
conjunctiva
Anatomy & Physiology
mixed up with sclera
The term “hyphema” is defined as:
CH 28 Face & Neck Injuries
- an acute rupture of the globe of the eye
- blood in the anterior chamber of the eye
- inflammation of the iris, cornea, & lens
- compression of 1 or both optic nerves
blood in the anterior chamber of the eye
Emergency Med Care for Specific Injuries
didn’t know
S/S that might be found in a patient who has experienced a concussion include:
CH 29 Head & Spine Injuries
- tachycardia & diaphoresis
- nausea & ringing in ears
- hypotension & nosebleed
- anxiety & restlessness
nausea & ringing in ears
Head Injuries
The peripheral nervous system consists of:
CH 29 Head & Spine Injuries
31 pairs of spinal nerves & 12 pairs of cranial nerves
Anatomy & Physiology
The frontal & parietal bones of the skull are especially susceptible to:
CH 29 Head & Spine Injuries
- linear skull fractures
- depressed skull fractures
- basilar skull fractures
- nondisplaced skull fractures
depressed skull fractures
Head Injuries
did’t know
The MOST reliable sign of head injury is:
CH 29 Head & Spine Injuries
decreased LOC
Patient Assessment
The tough, fibrous outer meningeal layer is called the:
CH 29 Head & Spine Injuries
dura mater
Anatomy & Physiology
What part of the nervous system controls the body’s voluntary activities?
CH 29 Head & Spine Injuries
- somatic
- sensory
- central
- autonomic
somatic
Anatomy & Physiology
A flail chest occurs when:
CH 30 Chest Injuries
a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage
Complications & Management of Chest Injuries
A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:
CH 30 Chest Injuries
- requires prompt ventilation & oxygenation
- should be placed in Trendelenburg’s position
- is most likely experiencing severe blood loss
- has most likely experienced a ruptured aorta
requires prompt ventilation & oxygenation
Injuries of the Chest
Elevation of the rib cage during inhalation occurs when:
CH 30 Chest Injuries
the intercostal muscles contract
Mechanics of Ventilation
Hemoptysis is defined as:
CH 30 Chest Injuries
coughing up blood
Injuries of the Chest
Patients with rib fractures will commonly:
CH 30 Chest Injuries
- take a series of deep breaths
- prefer to lie in supine position
- develop sucking chest wound
- breathe rapidly/shallowly
breathe rapidly/shallowly
Complications & Management of Chest Injuries
Pneumothorax is defined as:
CH 30 Chest Injuries
accumulation of air in the pleural space
Complications & Management of Chest Injuries
S/S of tension pneumothorax include:
CH 30 Chest Injuries
- altered mental status
- unilaterally absent breath sounds
- profound cyanosis
Complications & Management of Chest Injuries
Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that:
CH 30 Chest Injuries
air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung
Complications & Management of Chest Injuries
The ___ nerves supply the diaphragm.
CH 30 Chest Injuries
phrenic
Mechanics of Ventilation
didn’t know
The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm & exit the spinal cord at:
CH 30 Chest Injuries
- C1 & C2
- C3, C4, C5
- C1, C2, C3
- C3, C4
C3, C4, C5
Mechanics of Ventilation
didn’t know
The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the:
CH 30 Chest Injuries
diaphragm
Anatomy & Physiology
When the person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm:
CH 30 Chest Injuries
- might rise as high as the nipple line
- is less prone to penetrating trauma
- contracts & flattens inferiorly
- descends below the level of the navel
might rise as high as the nipple line
Anatomy & Physiology
incorrect on quiz
When assessing a patient with hemothorax, you will MOST likely find:
CH 30 Chest Injuries
- distant or muffled heart tones
- jugular vein engorgement
- ipsilateral deviation
- S/S of shock
S/S of shock
Complications and Management of Chest Injuries
Contraction or tensing of abdominal muscles to ease pain is called:
CH 31 Abdominal & GU Injuries
guarding
Patient Assessment of Abdominal Injuries
Difficulty breathing & sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured:
CH 31 Abdominal & GU Injuries
diaphragm
Emergency Med Care of Abdominal Injuries
Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy:
CH 31 Abdominal & GU Injuries
might decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart
Injuries of the Genitourinary System
The mesentery is:
CH 31 Abdominal & GU Injuries
a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body
Anatomy & Physiology of the Abdomen
Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct?
CH 31 Abominal & GU Injuries
- most of the vital abdominal organs lie within the retroperitoneal space
- the liver is well protected & rarely injured during a traumatic event
- the absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding
- hollow abdominal organs are vascular & bleed profusely when injured
the absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding
Anatomy & Physiology of the Abdomen
A ___ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is a partial or temporary separation of bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments.
CH 32 Orthopaedic Injuries
sprain
Musculoskeleta Injuries
A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer & osteoporosis is called:
CH 32 Orthopaedic Injuries
pathologic fracture
Musculoskeletal Injuries
A(n) ___ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child’s bone & might lead to growth abnormalities.
CH 32 Orthopaedic Injuries
ephiphyseal
Musculoskeletal Injuries
Common S/S of a sprain include all of the following, EXCEPT:
CH 32 Orthopaedic Injuries
- swelling
- ecchymosis
- deformity
- guarding
deformity
Musculoskeletal Injuries
When should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?
CH 32 Orthopaedic Injuries
if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain
Emergency Medical Care
Of the following musculoskeletal injuries, which is the least severe?
CH 32 Orthopaedic Injuries
- nondisplaced pelvic fracture
- multiple closed long bone fractures
- open fractures of a long bone
- amputation of an extremity
nondisplaced pelvic fracture
Musculoskeletal Injuries
Skeletal muscle is attached to bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called:
CH 32 Orthopaedic Injuries
tendons
Anatomy & Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System
The MOST commonly fractured bone in the body is:
CH 32 Orthopaedic Injuries
clavicle
Specific Musculoskeletal Injuries
When splinting a possible fracture of the foot, it is MOST important for the EMT to:
CH 32 Orthopaedic Injuries
- use a pillow as a splint
- apply a pneumatic splint
- observe for tissue swelling
- leave the toes exposed
leave the toes exposed
Specific Musculoskeletal Injuries
didn’t know
Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?
CH 32 Orthopaedic Injuries
- most cases of compartment syndrome occur following a severe fracture of the pelvis
- compartment syndrome occurs becaue of increased pressure within the bone cavity
- in most cases, compartment syndrome develops within a few minutes after injury
- compartment syndrome typically develops within 6-12 hours after injury
compartment syndrome typically develops within 6-12 hours after injury
Compartment Syndrome
Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct?
CH 32 Orthopaedic Injuries
- striated muscle tissue is attached directly to bones by tough bands of cartilage
- it forms the major muscle mass of the body & crosses at least one joint
- striated muscle is involvuntary because you have no conscious control over it
- most of the body’s striated muscle is found within the walls of the blood vessels
it forms the major muscle mass of the body & crosses at least one joint
Anatomy & Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System
