Trauma Overview Flashcards
How to traumatic injuries occur?
Body’s tissue exposed to energy levels beyond their tolerance
What is the mechanism of injury
The way traumatic injuries occur
What are the 3 types of energy
Kinetic
Potential
Energy of work
What is work? Describe it
Work is force acting over a distance
Force that bend, pull, compress tissues beyond their limits result in injury
Kinetic energy?
Energy of moving object
What constitutes non significant injury
Injury to isolated body part
Fall without losing consciousness
What constitutes significant injuries?
Injury to more than one body system (multisystem trauma)
Fall from heights, motor vehicle, common sense
What causes blunt trauma?
Result of force to the body that causes injury without penetrating soft tissues
Usually object making contact with body
What are the 5 types of vehicle crashes
Frontal Rear-end Lateral Rollovers Rotational
3 types of collisions
Car against another object
-look the car to see the MOI more crushed car=more dmg to person duh
Passenger against interior of car
Passengers internal organs against solid structure of body
Which type of crash causes the most MOI
Rotation
In a frontal crash what should you check
Check the restraint system
See if patient was restrained and air bag deployed
What is the result of second collision and third collision respectively
Extremities
Internal organs
What height should children be in the back seat
Children shorter than 4 for 9
When you do a quick evaluation of car what should you look for?
Look for contact points between the patient and the vehicle
Which crash causes the most whip lash
Rear end crash
Which crash is from side impacts
Lateral crashes
If there is a substantial intrusion into patient compartment in lateral crash what you should you suspect?
Lateral chest, ab injury
Possible fracture on the lower extremities
Organ dmg from 3rd collision
Which type of cars is prone to rollovers
Large trucks
Sport utility vehicles
What to examine in car vs pedestrian crash
Speed of vehicle
Whether patient was flown into air!
Whether patient was struck and pulled under vehicle
:0
What should you automatically suspect in car vs bicycle crash
Spinal injury unless proven otherwise in hospital
What protection does person have when riding motorcycle
Helmet
Leather or abrasion resistant clothing
Boots
When assessing the scene for car vs motorcycle crash what should you look for
Deformity of vehicle Side of most dmg Distance of skid on the road Deformity of objects Extent and location of deformity in helmet
4 types of motorcycle vs car crash?
Head on crash
Angular crash
Ejection
Controlled crash
Describe head on crash for motorcycle vs car crash
Motorcycle crashes into car,car stops while bike keeps on moving forward
Describe Angular crash for motorcycle vs car crash
Motorcycle crashes into car at an angle causing crushing injury to lower extremities
Describe controlled crash for motorcycle vs car
Technique used to separate the rider from the body of motorcycle
At what height does a fall become significant?
20 ft
What poses the greatest life threat for a fall?
The internal injuries
3 factors to consider for a fall?
Height of fall
Type of surface struck
Part of body that hit first and the path of energy displacement
What is the second leading cause of trauma death?
Penetrating trauma
Blunt trauma is number 1
What causes low energy penetrating trauma?
Sharp edges of object moving through body
What causes cavitation
Results from rapid changes in tissue and fluid pressure that occurs with the passage of the projectile
What causes the bullet to do more dmg speed or mass?
Speed
4 types of blast injuries and explain plz
Primary blast injury- injury from the blast wave itself
Secondary blast injury- injuries due to missiles being propelled by blast force
Tertiary blast injury- Injury due to impact with another object
Quaternary blast injury- collateral injuries like burn, crush injury, toxic inhalation
Which organs are more substible to pressure change
Organs with air
Lungs
Middle air
GI
Ear most sensitive
What causes pulmonary blast injuries?
Short range exposure to detonation of explosives
3 main priorities in trauma care
Your safety
Safety of crew
Saftey of patient
When patient experienced a significant MOI what should you focus
Rapidly perform a physical examination !
If patient experienced a non significant injury focus on
The chief complaint
What makes up an open chest wound?
Penetration or perforation of the integrity of chest
What are the solid organs of abdomen?
What about the hollow organs?
Solid:
Liver, spleen. Pancreas, kidneys
Hollow organs: stomach, large and small intestine, bladder
What makes up a level 1 facility?
Serves large cities and populated areas
Provides every aspect of trauma care
Usually university based hospital
What makes up a facility 2?
Located in less less populated areas
Provides initial definitive care
What makes up a level 3 facilitiy?
Provides assessment, resuscitation, emergency care, stabilization
Transfers to level 1 or 2 when necessary
What makes up a level 4 facility?
Found in remote outlying ares
Provides advanced trauma life support
