trauma & orthopaedics Flashcards
what is T&O
joint/bone/muscle rehab after surgery for MSK conditions
what it includes
trauma, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumours, congenital disorders (birth defects)
common fractures
shoulder: neck of humerus, greater tuberosity, clavicle, body/spine of scapula
elbow: olecranon, radial neck/head, supracondylar
wrist: colles, smiths, bartons (distal radius)
hand: scaphoid, metacarpals
hip: neck of femur, trochanteric, pubic rami, acetabular
knee: femur/tibia shaft, patella, tibial plateau
ankle: malleoli, talus, pilon (articular surfaces), calcaneal
common ligament injuries
Elbow: collateral, radio-ulna
Shoulder: GH
Hand: scapho-lunate, collateral
Knee: collateral, ACL/PCL, medial patella femoral
Ankle: ATFL, calcaneal-fibular, PTFL
common tendon injuries
achilles, quads, patella, rotator cuff tendons
peroneal tendon to 5th metatarsal avulsion fracture (bone breaks away)
meniscal tears
bucket handle: gap in middle
longitudinal
oblique
radial
common surgery
osteotomy: bone alignment
arthroscopy: 2 holes to insert camera
aspiration: removal of fluid
cartilage/sub condral bone procedures
spinal surgery
joint replacements (partial, full, standard, reverse)
arthrodesis: permanently fusing 2 bones
spinal surgery
Discectomy: remove part of disc
Microdiscectomy: small incisions to remove problematic disc fragments
Laminectomy: remove lamina of vertebra
Spinal fusion: insert bone to V, metal implants
Correcting scoliosis: if 45 degrees curve, spinal fusion, rod, bone grafting
aims of management
reposition, stabilise, rehabilitate
physio management principles
- Understand healing process
- Follow protocol, clinical reasoning
- Early stage monitoring for swelling, infection
- Pain modalities
- Max function early on
- Maintain surrounding joints
- Facilitate healing, appropriate stresses
- Monitor progress
- Goal setting, functional rehab
what is protocol
detailed plan of treatment, following a sequence of steps, time dependent, have aims/pathway for progression
how are protocols used
to make informed decisions relevant to pathology
