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xD3 Oral Surgery Ex2 > Trauma (Deeb) > Flashcards

Trauma (Deeb) Flashcards

1
Q

What is life threatening with facial trauma injuries: the fractures themselves or occult injuries?

A

occult injuries

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2
Q

What is the sequence for examining pt with facial and systemic injuries?

A

ATLS = Advance Trauma Life Support

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3
Q

What is the ATLS sequence?

A 
ABCDE
A-Airway
B-Breathing
C-Circulation/bleeding D-Disability/neural
E-Exposure to look for other injuries
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4
Q

What is assessed on the Airway?

A

Patency, can pt maintain airway themself

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5
Q

What is assessed on Breathing?

A

Respiratory effort, can they ventilate and exchange air

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6
Q

What is assessed in Circulatory status?

A

Whether there is bleeding or difficulty maintaining blood pressure

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7
Q

What is the most common cause for not being able to maintain blood pressure?

A

Blood loss

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8
Q

What is assessed in Disability?

A

Neurologic status including cervical spine
Eye response: open spontaneously, or non-responsive
Verbal: do they talk or slur
Motor: do they respond to painful stimuli or give a thumbs up

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9
Q

What can the surgeon give after assessing pts Neuorologic status?

A

GCS score (Glasgow Comma Score)

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10
Q

What is done during Exposure?

A

Roll patient around to look at entire body to assess any hidden injuries

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11
Q

Why are the events surrounding traumatic accident important to know?

A

Determine extent of injuries to pt
Aide in determining method of general anesthesia if req
Help police determine cause of accident

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12
Q

How do you classify facial fractures?

A
  1. Location (upperface, midface, mandible)
  2. Severity
  3. Displacment or displaceability
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13
Q

Nose, orbit, zygoma, maxillary complex are contained in what zone of the face?

A

Midface

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14
Q

What is the term for horizontal fracture of maxilla, below the nose?

A

Leforte I

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15
Q

What is the term for a triangular shaped fracture of skull from maxilla up between eyes, and back down to contralateral maxilla(?

A

Leforte II

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16
Q

What is a horizontal fracture separating the mid face from the forehead?

A

Leforte III

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17
Q

A mandibular body fracture occurs near what teeth?

A

2nd premolar to 1st molar region

18
Q

What are 5 fracture types?

A
  1. Simple
  2. Greenstick
  3. Comminuted
  4. Compound
  5. Comminuted compound
19
Q

What is a fracture that communicates with the environment either intraorally or extra orally?

A

Compound fracture

20
Q

What are 2 other ways to classify a facial fracture?

A
  1. Displaced

2. Nondisplaced

21
Q

What are 2 causes of displacement of fractures?

A
  1. Angulation of fracture

2. Muscle pull at fracture site

22
Q

In a fracture of the body of the mandible what muscles pull in the vertical plane to cause displacement of the fracture vertically?

A

Masseter and Maedial pterygoid muscles

23
Q

In a fracture of the body of the mandible, what muscles pull in the horizontal plane to displace the fracture laterally?

A

Mylohyoid

24
Q

Which radiographic view is good for seeing Zygomatic arch fractures?

A

Submental vertex view (“Waters View”)

25
Q

What is an imaging modality ideal for fractures, especially of the mid face?

A

CT scan

26
Q

What are common signs and symptoms of facial fractures?

A
  1. Pain (all fractures)
  2. Swelling (some fractures)
  3. Limited range of motion
27
Q

Eccymosis involving the orbit is commonly seen in what fracture types?

A
  1. Zygoma
  2. Leforte II (triangular)
  3. Leforte III (Face from forehead)
28
Q

Will malocclusion be seen if the nose or orbit is fractured?

A

No. Only if the mandible, maxilla, or sometimes the zygoma are fractured

29
Q

If the patient has an anterior open bite, what fractures are considered?

A
  1. Billateral condyle fracture

2. Leforte fracture

30
Q

If the patient has a unilateral open bite, what fracture is considered?

A

Unliateral mandibular fracture

31
Q

To which side will a mandible deviate when a condyle is fractured?

A

Towards the fractured side

32
Q

What nerve can be injured in a maxillae fracture, an orbit fracture or a trimaler fracture?

A

V2

33
Q

What nerve can be injured in mandibular body fracture?

A

V3

34
Q

Is there a concern for nerve injury with a condyle or rams fracture?

A

No

35
Q

What are the top ten signs and symptom of facial fractures?

A 
1. Pain
2 Swelling
3. Limited range of motion
4. Laceration
5. Bleeding
6. Ecchymosis
7. Malocclusion
8. Nerve dysfunction (numbness)
9. Step deformity
10. Tenderness
36
Q

What is the treatment of fracture that restores anatomical integrity and alignment, including occlusion?

A

Reduction

37
Q

What is the treatment of a fracture that holds and immobilizes fracture segments in place so that bone can heal (usual in 4-6 weeks)

A

Fixation / Stabilization

38
Q

What are 2 types of reduction and fixation?

A
  1. Open

2. Closed

39
Q

Midface fractures are treated how?

A

Internal rigid fixation

40
Q

If a mandible fracture is comminuted (bag of bones) what treatment is indicated?

A

External pin fixation to avoid opening up the site with multiple bone pieces

41
Q

What cranial nerve runs through the temporal bone?

A

VII. You will see paralysis of the face on that side.

42
Q

What indicates an orbital fracture?

A

Unable to move the eye up indicates a problem with the orbit

xD3 Oral Surgery Ex2 (6 decks)

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