Trauma + Bone Disease Flashcards
What are the 3 factors that can be obtained from trauma analysis
Direction - of the force responsible for the fracture
When - time of the trauma
Cause
Give the 4 main types of trauma
Falling
Sharp Object
Blunt Force
Projectile
What can Care tell us about trauma?
Did the remains receive medical treatment, it is rare that they do not today, but if not, why? Abuse? Money?
What can conflict tell us about trauma?
Could it have been domestic trauma? trauma from warfare, which could indicate a refugee
What are partial and complete fractures?
Partial Fracture - not completely broken
Complete - completely broken
What are close and open fractures?
Closed - contained within the skin
Open - protruding through the skin (bacteria and infection likely)
What is an impacted fracture?
The bones collapse onto eachother not break
What is a pathological fracture?
Bone material weakening with age or disease
What is a stress fracture?
an overuse injury from repeated actions, hairline
What is a compression fracture?
from force applied in an axial (parallel) direction, e.g. a fall, or from tuberculosis
What is a spiral fracture?
Rotational twisting break
What is a Transverse fracture?
Force applied at a right angle to the long bone axis
What is a greenstick fracture
A fracture in one side of the bone only, common in juveniles due to more pliable bones
Give the 3 types of cranial trauma
Blunt force
Sharp force
Projectile
What are the identifiable features of a blunt force trauma?
Radiating lines
Concentric lines
Bones buckle in from taking some of the force, and can slightly break
What are the identifiable features of a sharp force trauma?
Linear
well defined edges, that are flat smooth and polished
microscopic scratch marks
What are the identifiable features of a projectile trauma? (gun shot entrance wound)
Entrance wounds will be - rounded, bevelled inwards, with radiating fracture lines
Power of the weapon will affect the size of the fractures
What are the identifiable features of a projectile trauma? (gun shot exit wound)
Larger than entrance, irregular, bevelled outwards
What does Antemortem trauma mean? what are the main indicative features that trauma occurred in this stage
Trauma produced prior to death
- Evidence of healing
- Evidence of medical care
- An infectious response
What does Perimortem trauma mean? what are the main indicative features that trauma occurred in this stage
Trauma produced at or around the time of death
- No evidence of healing or an infectious response
- Wound occurred in fresh bone
- Colour will match surrounding bone
What does Postmortem trauma mean? what are the main indicative features that trauma occurred in this stage
Trauma produced after the time of death
- The wound occurred in dry bone, more brittle
- the bone will be whiter than surrounding bone
- No evidence of healing
What is a disease?
an abnormal condition that impairs an orghanism’s function
What are the 5 Postmortem taphonomic factors than can limit a biological profile?
Botanical (plants/soil erosion)
Insects/scavengers (gnawing at remains, could present as disease)
Freeze-thaw (freezing and thawing can lead to cracking)
Chemical erosion (acidic soil -> chalky bones)
Press
Give the 3 non-specific diseases that are commonly found in many other diseases, such as leprosy
Osteomyelitis
Periostitis
Osetitis
What is Oseteomyelitis?
Give 3 symptoms
A non-specific disease, which is an infection of the medulla cavity,
- Bone formation
- Bone destruction
- Pus fomation, discharged through a cloaca
What is periostitis?
Infection of the periosteum, woven bone formation on the outer cortical surface of the bone
What is Oseitis?
Woven bone formation in the cavities (non-medullary)
What type of disease is leprosy?
Specific Infections
Givethe 3 skeletal manifestations of leprosy.
'Claw Hand deformity'
'Claw Foot deformity'
Rhinomaxillary syndrome ('moon face'
