Trauma and orthopedics

Question 1

What blood vessel is most commonly injured in an intra-capsular NOF fractures?

Answer 1

Medial circumflex femoral artery, which supplies the neck of femur and is injured in NOF fractures (esp intra-capsular). It arises from the profunda femoris, which arises from the femoral artery. There is a risk of AVN in traumatic hip injuries, and intra-capsular fractures require intervention within 36h ideally.

Question 2

What is the normal range of movement of the knee?

Answer 2

0 to 135deg in flexion

Question 3

A patient is unable to extend knee, flexion is intact but painful. Knee is slightly valgus. Normal posterior draw test but unable to do anterior draw test due to pain.

Answer 3

O’Donoghue unhappy triad = injury to ACL, medial collateral and medical meniscus

Question 4

What does a positive posterior draw test indicate?

Answer 4

PCL injury i.e. ‘dashboard injury’ where knee is flexed on impact to shin

Question 5

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Answer 5

SITS: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Question 6

What are the compartments of the knee/ lower leg?

Answer 6

There are 4 - anterior, lateral, posterior (deep and superficial) compartments

Question 7

What are the compartments of the upper leg?

Answer 7

There are 3 - anterior, medial and posterior.