Trauma

Question 1

What is a nasal septal haematoma?

Answer 1

Collection of blood within the nasal septum, causing disruption of blood supply to the cartilage of the septum

Question 2

List some complications of nasal fractures

Answer 2

Epistaxis
CSF leaking
Meningitis
Anosmia if cribriform plate fracture

Question 3

Outline management for epistaxis

Answer 3

Resus if necessary
Slow flow: ice, pressure, topical vasoconstrictor
Remove clot: suction
Rhinoscopy
Cautery

Question 4

CSF leaks usually settle spontaneously. True/False?

Answer 4

True

Repair if unresolved after 10 days

Question 5

What are the 3 main ear traumas?

Answer 5

Pinna haematoma
Laceration
Temporal bone fracture

Question 6

Outline treatment for pinna haematoma

Answer 6

Aspiration/drainage

Pressure dressing

Question 7

List associated symptoms + signs with temporal bone fractures

Answer 7

Hearing loss
Facial palsy
Vertigo
CSF leak
Bruising (battle sign)

Question 8

How are temporal bone fractures classified?

Answer 8

Longitudinal or transverse

Otic capsule -sparing or -involved

Question 9

The majority of temporal bone fractures are what - longitudinal or transverse?

Answer 9

Longitudinal (80%) from lateral blows

Question 10

Conductive hearing loss is more closely assoc. with which temporal bone fracture - longitudinal or transverse?

Answer 10

Longitudinal

Question 11

Sensorineural hearing loss is more closely assoc. with which temporal bone fracture - longitudinal or transverse?

Answer 11

Transverse

Question 12

Describe a Le Fort 1 fracture

Answer 12

Horizontal

Passes along teeth apices

Question 13

Describe a Le Fort 2 fracture

Answer 13

Pyramidal

Nasal bridge, frontal processes of maxilla, lacrimal bone, inferior orbital floor, zygoma, pterygoid plates

Question 14

Describe a Le Fort 3 fracture

Answer 14

Transverse

Dysjunction between neuro + viscero -cranium