Trauma

Question 1

4 classes of hemorrhagic shock

Answer 1

• Class I: less than 15% blood loss (less than 750 mL)
• Class II: 15-30% (750-1500 mL). Pulse increases.
• Class III: 30-40% (2000 mL). Systolic BP drops.
• Class IV >40% loss. Profound change in pulse (>130) and systolic BP (less than 90)

Question 2

3 complications of early total care

Answer 2

Pulmonary injury (ARDS), head injury (cerebral fat emoblism), and lingering shock state (lactic acidosis)

Question 3

4 risk factors to avoid ETC

Answer 3

Lactate > 4.0 (2.5 is often used as cutoff), pH under 7.25, severe chest injury, and definitive treatment after 24 hrs

Question 4

What is the most important thing in treating open fractures? 2nd most important?

Answer 4

Most: AB’s given in under 1 hour.
2nd: Debridement (no diff b/w 5 / 12 hours).

Question 5

Which nerves innervates anterior compartment, lateral compartment, and posterior compartment of leg?

Answer 5

Anterior: deep peroneal nerve
Lateral: superfical peroneal nerve
Posterior: tibial nerve