Trauma

Question 1

What are the signs of damage to the long thoracic nerve?

Answer 1

Winged scapula. Medial border of the scapula moves laterally and posteriorly (Serratus anterior innervated by long thoracic n., so unable to oppose muscles of back). Arm won’t be able to be abducted above 90 degrees due to lack of rotation of the glenoid cavity. (pg 53)

Question 2

What are the signs of damage to the axillary nerve?

Answer 2

Deltoid m. atrophy, impaired ability to abduct the arm from 15 to 90 degrees and possible loss of sensation over lateral part of proximal arm. Sensory innervation for the area is supplied by the superior lateral cutaneous n., which is a branch of the axillary n. (pg 49)

Question 3

What are the signs of a fractured clavicle?

Answer 3

Elevated medial portion of clavicle and dropped lateral portion. SCM pulls up on medial and trapezius is unable to prevent shoulder drop. (pg 36)

Question 4

What nerves may be damaged with an intercondylar fracture, and what muscles would be affected?

Answer 4

The median and/or ulnar nn. Muscles affected are Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (median) and Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Digitorum Profundus (ulnar). (pg 38)

Question 5

What types of fractures to the humerus put the radial n. at risk, and what muscles would be affected?

Answer 5

Transverse and spiral fractures. Lots of muscles! Triceps Brachii, Anconeus, Brachioradialis, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Supinator. (pg 38)

Question 6

What is a dinner fork deformity the result of?

Answer 6

Colles fracture is bone displacement in the distal part of the radius. (pg 39)

Question 7

What are the signs of a fractured scaphoid?

Answer 7

Pain on lateral side of wrist during extension and abduction of hand. Bone resorption visible in xray after 10-14 days. (pg 40)