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ABSITE > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Fever within 4 hours of transfusion reaction

A

Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (due to recipient antibodies reacting with donor leukocytes, causing cytokine release)

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2
Q

Cause of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

Reaction of recipient antibodies with donor leukocytes, causing cytokine release

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3
Q

Fever, malaise, hyperbilirubinemia 3-10 days after blood transfusion

A

Delayed immune hemolytic reaction

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4
Q

R time (TEG)

A

Time to start of clot formation

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5
Q

K value (TEG)

A

Time from start of clot formation to a set strength

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6
Q

Alpha angle (TEG)

A

Angle from the end of R time to K value

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7
Q

If elevated K time on TEG, what product should you give

A

Cryoprecipitate

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8
Q

If maximum amplitude is low on TEG, what should you give

A

Platelets

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9
Q

J waves on EKG

A

Early finding of hypothermia (can lead to ventricular fibrillation and asystole)

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10
Q

Most common mechanism for blunt cardiac injury

A

Rapid deceleration

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11
Q

Most common arrhythmia in blunt cardiac injury

A

Sinus tach

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12
Q

R time is prolonged on TEG - what blood products to give?

A

FFP

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13
Q

If alpha angle is abnormal on TEG, what blood product should you give

A

Cryoprecipitate

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14
Q

Operative approach to get exposure to proximal left carotid

A

Median sternotomy with left neck extension

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15
Q

First degree frostbite

A

Superficial: numbness and edema -> firm plaque. Spontaneous healing in 1-4 weeks

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16
Q

Second degree frostbite

A

Partial-thickness: milky-white blisters. Takes 2-4 weeks to heal

17
Q

Third degree frostbite

A

Full thickness: hemorrhagic blister formation, nonviable skin forms eschar, can result in limb/tissue loss
1-3 months to heal

18
Q

Fourth degree frostbite

A

Extends to the bone, tissues are black/mummified on presentation

19
Q

Hyperkalemia after blood transfusion - cause?

A

Transfusion of stored packed RBCs (leakage of K out of cells occurs each day)

20
Q

Most common underlying cause of warfarin-induced skin necrosis

A

Protein C deficiency (more common than protein S deficiency)

21
Q

DPL is better than CT at detecting which kind of injury?

A

Hollow viscous injury (but is poor at detecting solid organ injury)

22
Q

Contraindications for doing DPL

A

Pregnancy and hemodynamic instability

23
Q

Type of incision for repairing extraperitoneal bladder injuries

A

Pfannensteil

24
Q

Type of incision for repairing intraperitoneal bladder injuries

A

Midline

25
Q

Operative technique for repairing bladder injuries

A

In two layers using absorbable suture: mucosa and muscularis, then muscularis and serosa

26
Q

Where is erythropoeitin produced in fetuses and adults

A

Fetus: liver
Adults: kidney

27
Q

Curreri formula (kcal per day of nutrition for burn patients)

A

(25kcal x kg) + (40kcal x %TBSA)
[First degree burns are not included]

28
Q

Operative technique to obtain exposure of zone 3 neck carotid injury

A

Divide posterior belly of digastric - if still no control, do balloon occlusion with Fogarty catheter

29
Q

Fracture at surgical neck of humerus risks which nerve injury

A

Axillary nerve (+ posterior circumflex humeral artery)

30
Q

If decreased clotting strength on ROTEM, but FIBTEM MCF is normal, what should you give

A

Platelets

31
Q

If decreased clotting strength on ROTEM and FIBTEM MCF is also low, what should you give

A

Cryoprecipitate

32
Q

Reversal for tPA

A

Cryoprecipitate
(Aminocaproic acid if cryo is unavailable)

33
Q

Management of supracondylar fracture of humerus in kids

A

Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning

34
Q

Volksman contracture

A

Potential complication of improper treatment of supracondylar humeral fracture - kinks brachial artery and leads to compartment syndrome and withered hand

35
Q

Most commonly injured nerve in anterior shoulder dislocation

A

Axillary nerve

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