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1 A&E > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

List two causes of immediate death

A

high spinal cord injuries
aortic rupture
apnoea

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2
Q

State two causes of early deaths that can be managed with resuscitation

A

contained haematoma
intraadbominal rupture
long bone # e.g. open femoral fracture can lead to 1/3 loss of circulating volume

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3
Q

List two causes of late deaths in trauma

A

sepsis
organ dysfunction

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4
Q

What is an ECMO machine?

A

In extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), blood is pumped outside of your body to a heart-lung machine that removes carbon dioxide and sends oxygen-filled blood back to tissues in the body. Blood flows from the right side of the heart to the membrane oxygenator in the heart-lung machine, and then is rewarmed and sent back to the body.

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5
Q

What is the C that comes before ABCDE?

A

catastrophic bleed

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6
Q

List two ways in managing a catastrophic bleed

A

direct pressure
pressure dressing
arterial compression
TOURNIQUET

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7
Q

Aside from airway management in A, name two other aspects

A

C-spine
High flow oxygen

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8
Q

How to mobilise C-spine?

A

collar and sandbags

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9
Q

Pulmonary contusions is more common in which demographic?

A

children

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10
Q

List two traumas that arise in B

A

tension pneumo
haemothorax
pulmonary contusion
bronchotrachial injury
diahragmatic rupture

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11
Q

Which cannula to insert for tension pneumothorax?

A

Grey- 16G

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12
Q

Standard medical ward answer for tension pneumothorax is large bore cannula into second intercostal space mid clavicular line, where do they advise in A&E?

A

fifth intercostal space mid-axillary line

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13
Q

Should you insert cannula above or below rib in tension pneumothorax?

A

just above rib

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14
Q

Where is the site of intraosseous access?

A

proximal tibia

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15
Q

What is the contraption used to stabilise hip fractures/femur?

A

pelvic binder

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16
Q

What is AWI?

A

adults with incapacity act

17
Q

What is the chart for dermatomes + myotomes to assist with spinal injuries?

A

ASIA chart

18
Q

What is Ludwig’s angina?

A

life-threatening cellulitis of the soft tissue involving the floor of the mouth and neck. It involves three compartments of the floor of the mouth, the sublingual, submental, and submandibular. The infection is rapidly progressive, leading to potential airway obstruction.

19
Q

What is the most common cause of Ludwig’s angina?

A

dental infections

20
Q

What is an acronym to follow for presenting trauma case?

A

ATMIST
Age + sex
Timing
MoI mechanism of injury
Injuries- obvious
Signs
Treatment

21
Q

State two immediate treatment options for trauma

A

pain relief
TXA

22
Q

What are protective factors for road traffic accident?

A

male- crash tests are on male bodies
airbag deployed
T-bone crash (rather than head on)
older age= less significant mechanisms resulting in more injuries

23
Q
A

Loss of consciousness
Dangerous mechanism of injury
Anticoagulants or thrombophillic
Older age

24
Q

Exam answer for tension pneumo?

A

2nd intercostal space mid-axillary line

25
Q

What is the most common cause of shock in trauma patient?

A

hypovolaemic

26
Q

Sites of bleeding?

A

on the floor plus four more
visibly bleeding wounds
chest
abdomen and retroperitoneum
pelvis
long bones

27
Q

Where would bleeding of haemothorax originate from?

A

intercostal vessels
pulmonary vessels

28
Q

What is the definition of a massive haemothorax?

A

> 1500 ml blood
or 200 ml/hr over 2-4 hr

29
Q

What is the dosage of TXA?

A

1g

30
Q

Steps after major bleed?

A

major haemorrhage
rewarming
contact surgeons
widebore IV access
TXA infusion
G&S and cross match
consider further imaging

31
Q

After you have given packed red blood cells, what would you give next?

A

FFP

1 A&E (22 decks)

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