Trauma Flashcards
List two causes of immediate death
high spinal cord injuries
aortic rupture
apnoea
State two causes of early deaths that can be managed with resuscitation
contained haematoma
intraadbominal rupture
long bone # e.g. open femoral fracture can lead to 1/3 loss of circulating volume
List two causes of late deaths in trauma
sepsis
organ dysfunction
What is an ECMO machine?
In extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), blood is pumped outside of your body to a heart-lung machine that removes carbon dioxide and sends oxygen-filled blood back to tissues in the body. Blood flows from the right side of the heart to the membrane oxygenator in the heart-lung machine, and then is rewarmed and sent back to the body.
What is the C that comes before ABCDE?
catastrophic bleed
List two ways in managing a catastrophic bleed
direct pressure
pressure dressing
arterial compression
TOURNIQUET
Aside from airway management in A, name two other aspects
C-spine
High flow oxygen
How to mobilise C-spine?
collar and sandbags
Pulmonary contusions is more common in which demographic?
children
List two traumas that arise in B
tension pneumo
haemothorax
pulmonary contusion
bronchotrachial injury
diahragmatic rupture
Which cannula to insert for tension pneumothorax?
Grey- 16G
Standard medical ward answer for tension pneumothorax is large bore cannula into second intercostal space mid clavicular line, where do they advise in A&E?
fifth intercostal space mid-axillary line
Should you insert cannula above or below rib in tension pneumothorax?
just above rib
Where is the site of intraosseous access?
proximal tibia
What is the contraption used to stabilise hip fractures/femur?
pelvic binder
What is AWI?
adults with incapacity act
What is the chart for dermatomes + myotomes to assist with spinal injuries?
ASIA chart
What is Ludwig’s angina?
life-threatening cellulitis of the soft tissue involving the floor of the mouth and neck. It involves three compartments of the floor of the mouth, the sublingual, submental, and submandibular. The infection is rapidly progressive, leading to potential airway obstruction.
What is the most common cause of Ludwig’s angina?
dental infections
What is an acronym to follow for presenting trauma case?
ATMIST
Age + sex
Timing
MoI mechanism of injury
Injuries- obvious
Signs
Treatment
State two immediate treatment options for trauma
pain relief
TXA
What are protective factors for road traffic accident?
male- crash tests are on male bodies
airbag deployed
T-bone crash (rather than head on)
older age= less significant mechanisms resulting in more injuries
Loss of consciousness
Dangerous mechanism of injury
Anticoagulants or thrombophillic
Older age
Exam answer for tension pneumo?
2nd intercostal space mid-axillary line
