Trauma Flashcards
What is Type 1 trauma and what is Type 2?
Type 1 - single incident trauma, sudden and unexpected
Type 2 AKA complex trauma - repetitive trauma e.g. ongoing abuse, developmental trauma
The risk of developing PTSD after experiencing type 2 trauma is three times the risk of developing PTSD after experiencing type 1 trauma. True/false?
True
Patients with chronic depression and a history of early life trauma need both ____ and ____ for treatment.
Pscyhotherapy and pharmacotherapy
Neither is sufficient by itself
What percentage of patients with bipolar disorder have a history of childhood deprivation/abuse?
50%
Give 3 examples of biological dysregulation in relation to trauma.
- Noradrenergic/catelcholamine -systems dysregulated
- Serotonin system dysregulated
- Neuropeptide Y higher in people who completed special forces training
Where in the brain do the fight, flight, freeze, hide, seek, avoid etc. Emotions arise from?
PAG (periaqueductal area) or ventral tegmental area
When does tonic immobility occur?
And what is it?
Tonic immobility occurs when direct physical contact with aggressor
It’s a type of the “freeze” response and is an involuntary state of profound but reversible motor inhibition
There are no intergenerational effects of trauma. True/false?
False - e.g. altered cortisol response to stress has been found in generations after
Where does activity in brain move when predator is close?
Cortex - brainstem
Predator distant - frontal cortex
Predator close - moves to periaqueductal gray in the !midbrain! - dread of capture associated with PAG
Hippocampal volume is related to PTSD. Hippocampal volume is found to be decreased in survivors of trauma on the left/right side in adult trauma and left/right side in childhood trauma or cancer patients.
Right side - adult trauma
Left side - childhood trauma/cancer patients
What are the 3 components of the triune brain and what is each responsible for?
- reptilian brain (autonomic and instinct)
- frontal cortex (cognition and executive functioning)
- mammalian brain/limbic system (emotional, somatosensory memory)
What 2 parts of the brain are involved in wounds and healing of these wounds in trauma & what therapy is based off this?
PAG and superior colliculi
rapid eye movement therapy
In PTSD you’re more likely to see activation in the amygdala/insula and in complex PTSD or dissociative disorders you’re more likely to see activation in the amygdala/insula.
PTSD - amygdala
Complex PTSD/Dissociative - insula
What are 3 neurobiology findings in trauma?
- hippocampal atrophy
- increased activation of the amygdala
- deactivation of Broca’s area when patient remembers traumatic memories (which is for putting memories into words)
What neurobiology finding may explain the “timeless” quality of traumatic memory? (i.e. being unable to distinguish whether memory is now or in past)
Right-hemispheric lateralisation
