TRAQ cert Flashcards
1
Q
SCOPE OF WORK
A
THE DEFINED PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS
2
Q
THE OUTCOME OF AN EVENT
A
CONSEQUENCE
3
Q
THE COMBINATION OF THE LIKELIHOOD OF AN EVENT AND THE SEVERITY OF THE POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES
A
RISK
4
Q
PROCESS USED TO IDENTIFY, ANALYZE, AND EVALUATE TREE RISK
A
TREE RISK ASSESSMENT
5
Q
THE CHANCE OF AN EVENT OCCURING ( I.e., FAILURE, IMPACT)
A
LIKELIHOOD
6
Q
A MEASUREMENT USED TO ASSESS WETHER AN IDIVIDUAL ACTED IN A REASONABLE MANNER
A
STANDARD OF CARE
7
Q
THE APPLICATION OF POLICIES, PROCEDURES, AND PRACTICES USED TO IDENTIFY, EVALUATE, MITIGATE, MONITOR, AND COMMUNICATE TREE RISK
A
TREE RISK MANAGMENT
8
Q
FAILURE TO TAKE REASONABLE CARE TO AVOID INJURY OR DAMAGETO A PERSONOR PROPERTY IN A SITUATION WHERE THE LAW IMPOSES A DUTY OF CARE
A
BREACH OF DUTY OF CARE
9
Q
LEGAL OBLIGATION THAT REQUIRES AN INDIVIDUAL TO APPLY REASONABLE ACTIONS WHEN PERFORMING TASKS THAT MAY HARM OTHERS
A
DUTY OF CARE
10
Q
T/F
THE TREE RISK ASSESSOR DETERMINES THE ACCEPTABLE RISK THRESHOLD
A
FALSE
11
Q
T/F
WHEN BALANCING TREE RISKS AND BENEFITS, IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THAT THE RISK TREES POSE TO HUMAN SAFETY IS EXTREMELY LOW
A
TRUE
12
Q
T/F
A TREE RISK ASSESSOR IS FREE OF RISK WHILE INSPECTING TREES BECAUSE MITIGATION MEASURES HAVE YET TO BE TAKEN
A
FALSE
13
Q
A PROCESS USING RATINGS OF CONSEQUENCES AND LIKLEHOOD TO DETERMINE RISK SIGNIFIGANCE LEVELS AND TO EVALUATE THE LEVEL OF RISK AGAINST QUALITATIVE CRITERIA
A
QUALITATIVE TREE RISK ASSESSMENT
14
Q
A PROCESS TO ESTIMATE NUMERICAL PROBABILITY VALUES FOR CONSEQUENCES AND TO CALCULATE NUMERIC VALUES FOR RISK
A
QUANTATIVE TREE RISK ASSESSMENT
15
Q
THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF RISK THAT DOES NOT EXCEEED THE OWNER/MANAGERS TOLERANCE
A
ACCEPTABLE RISK THRESHOLD
16
Q
LEVEL 1 ASSESSMENT
A
LIMITED VISUAL ASSESSMENT
- FOCUSES ON TREES WITH IMMINENET AND OR PROBABLE LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE
- WALK BY
- DRIVE BY
- AERIAL PATROL
- LIDAR
17
Q
LEVEL 2 ASSESSMENT
A
BASIC ASSESSMENT DETAILED INSPECTION OF TREE AND SURROUNDING SITE USES -BINOCULARS -DIAMETER TAPE -CLINOMETER -MAGNIFYING GLASS -MALLET -PROBE -DIGGING TOOLS -COMPASS -CAMERA
18
Q
LEVEL 3 ASSESSMENT
A
ADVANCED ASSESSMENT
PERFORMED TO PRVIDE DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT TREE PARTS, DEFECTS, TARGETS, OR SITE CONDITIONS
SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT IS USUALLY REQUIRED
19
Q
A LOAD TEST THAT MEASURES OUTERMOST FIBER STRAIN IN THE STEM OR BRANCHES, AND/OR INCLINATION AT THE ROOT FLARE, IN RESPONSETO A CONTROLLED PULL
A
STATIC PULL TEST
20
Q
STRUCTURES, TREES, BRANCHES, OR OTHER FACTORS THAT WOULD PREVENT OR REDUCE HARM TO TARGETS IN THE EVENT OF A TREE FAILURE
A
PROTECTION FACTORS
21
Q
PERSONAL INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE, OR DISRUPTION OF ACTIVITIES DUE TO THE FAILURE OF A TREE OR TREE PART.
A
CONSEQUENCE OF FAILURE
22
Q
A TARGET THAT IS IN MOTION OR INTERMITTENTLY MOVING
A
MOBILE TARGET
23
Q
AREA WHERE TREE OR TREE PART WOULD LAND IF TI WERE TO FAIL
A
TARGET ZONE
24
Q
A TARGET THAT CAN BE RELOCATED
A
MOVABLE TARGET
25
A TARGET THAT CAN NOT BE EASILY RELOCATED SUCH AS A HOUSE
STATIC TARGET
26
THE MONETARY OR PERSONAL WORTH OF PEOPLE, PROPERTY OR ACTIVITIES
TARGET VALUE
27
THE AMOUNT OF TIME TARGETS ARE WITHIN THE TARGET ZONE
OCCUPANCY RATE
28
PEOPLE, PROPERTY, OR ACTIVITIES THAT COULD BE INJURED, DAMAGED, OR DISRUPTED BY A TREE FAILURE
TARGETS
29
THE LIKELIHOOD OF IMPACT IS ______ ______ IF THE CHANCE OF THE FAILED LITREE OR TREE PART IMPACTING THE SPECIFIED TARGET IS REMOTE.
VERY LOW
30
THE _________ ___ _________ IS HIGH IF THE FAILED TREE OR TREE PART IS LIKELY TO IMPACT THE TARGET
LIKELIHOOD OF IMPACT
31
THE CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE ARE ___________
| IF THERE WILL BE NO PERSONAL INJURY, LOW VALUE PROPERTY DAMAGE, OR DISRUPTIONS THAT CAN BE REPLACED OR REPAIRED.
NEGLIGIBLE
32
TARGETS CAN BE __________ OR ___________ BASED ON IMPORTANCE OR VALUE, WHICH CAN BE USEFUL FOR MUNICIPALITIES MANAGING LARGE TREE POPULATIONS.
STARTIFIED ; PRIORITIZED
33
ON A PUBLIC ESTATE PROPERTY , IT MIGHT BE PRATICAL TO ________ ACCESS TO THE TARGET ZONE, IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE OCCUPANCY RATE OF PEOPLE
RESTRICT
34
BRANCHES LOW ON THE TRUNK CAN SLOW THE FALL OF BRANCHES FROM HIGHER IN THE CROWN AND SERVE AS __________ ___________ TO TARGETS BELOW.
PROTECTION FACTORS
35
THE LAND AND WATER FEATURES OF A AREA, INCLUDING CHANGES IN ELEVATION
TOPOGRAPHY
36
LAND DISTURBANCES
DISRUPTIONS TO A TERRESTIAL SITE, COMMUNITY, OR ECOSYSTEM THAT ALTER THE PHYSICAL ENVIROMENT
37
THE CHANCE OF A TREE OR TREE PART FAILURE OCCURING WITHIN THE SPECIFIED TIME FRAME
LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE
38
FORCE ON A TREE OR STRUCTURE RESULTING FROM THE IMPACT OF WIND
WIND LOAD
39
CONTACT WITH THE FORCES OF WIND, EITHER FULL, PARTIAL OR NONE
WIND EXPOSURE
40
BREAKAGE OF TREE OR TREE PARTS, OR LOSS OF MECHANICAL SUPPORT
FAILURE
41
COMPRESSION OF SOIL THAT BREAKS DOWN SOIL AGGREGRATES AND RDDUCES SOIL VOLUME AND TOTAL PORE SPACE
SOIL COMPACTION
42
TIME PERIOD FOR WHICH AN ASSESSMENT IS DEFINED
TIME FRAME
43
EXPOSED TO MORE WIND AND LIGHT THAN INTERIOR TREES
EDGE TREE
44
T/F
| MOST TREE FAILURES OCCUR DURING NORMAL WEATHER
FALSE
45
T/F
| A WIND ROSE GRAPH CAN BE USED TO MODEL REGIONAL OR LOCAL WIND PATTERNS
TRUE
46
T/F
| TREES WITH LESS FOLIAGE HAVE MORE DRAG DUE TO THE WINDS DISRECT CONTATCT WITH MAJOR SCAFFOLD BRANCHES
FALSE
47
T/F
| SHALLOW ROOT SYSTEMS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SATURATED SOILS OR OVER IRRIGATED LANDSCAPES
TRUE
48
T/F
| IN GENERAL, TREES WITH A DEEP ROOT SYSTEMS ARE MORE PRONE TO FAILURE THAN THOSE WITH A SHALLOW ROOT SYSTEM
FALSE
49
T/F
| A SOIL PROBE CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE SOIL DEPTH AND PENETRABILITY
TRUE
50
T/F
USUALLY, SOILS AT THE TOP OF A SLOPE WILL BE WELL DRAINED. AND THOSE AT THE BOTTOM OF A SLOPE WILL BE WETTER, POSSIBLY WATERLOGGED
TRUE
51
T/F
THE AMOUNT OF SOIL VOLUME NEEDED TO SUSTAIN AND SUPPORT A TREE DEPENDS ON TREE SPECIES, SIZE, SOIL CHARACTERISTICS, AND CLIMATE
TRUE
52
ALTHOUGH ___________ TREES MAY BE WELL ADAPTED TO THE PREVAILING WINDS AS A RESULT OF CONTINOUS WIND EXPOSURE, ___________ TREES THAT HAVE BEEN ABRUPTLY EXPOSED MAY HAVE A HIGHER LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE.
EDGE, INTERIOR
53
HEAVY EQUIPMENT CAN CAUSE SOIL ___________, OFTEN CRUSHING TREE ROOTS OR NEGATIVELY IMPACTING SOIL STRUCTURE
COMPACTION
54
AS A GENERAL RULE, IF ONE OR MORE LARGE __________ _________ HAVE BEEN SEVERED WITHIN A DISTANCE EQUAL TO THREE TIMES THE TRUNK DIAMETER, AN ASSESSOR SHOULD LOOK FOR NEW ROOT GROWTH OR ROOT DECAY TO ASSESS WHETHER THE TREE HAS SUFFICIENT SUPPORT
STRUCTURAL ROOTS
55
TREES ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO _____________ WHEN THE SOIL IS SATURATED, PARTICULARLY IF THE TREE IS SHALLOW ROOTED OR THE SOIL IS SHALLOW
WINDTHROW
56
CODIT
COMPARTMENTILIZATION OF DEACY IN TREES
NATURAL DEFENSE IN TREES BY WHICH CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL BOUNDARIES ARE CREATED THAT ACT TO LIMIT THE SPREAD OF DISEASE AND DEACY ORGANISMS
57
WALL 1
- RESISTS THE SPREAD OF DECAY UP AND DOWN THE VASCULAR SYSTEM
- PLUGS TRACHEIDS AND XYLEM VESSELS
58
WALL 2
- RESISTS DECAY FROM MOVING RADIALLY TOWARD THE CENTER OF THE TREE
- COMPOSED OF LATEWOOD CELLSIN EACH GROWING RING AND CHEMICALS PRODUCED BY LIVING CELLS IN THIS AREA
59
WALL 3
- RESISTS DECAY FROM SPREADING FROM THE POINT OF INJURY AROUND THE TRUNK
- CELLS IN THE RAYS CREATE CHEMICALS THAT ARE TOXIC TO DECAY ORGANISMS
60
WALL 4
- PREVENTS DECAY FROM MOVING OUTWARD
- NEW XYLEM DEVELOPS AFETR INJURY, PHYSICALLY SEPERATING OLD TISSUE FROM NEW TISSUE
- ALSO CALLED THE BARRIER ZONE
61
DEFINITE INDICATORS OF DECAY
- CAVITY OPENINGS, NESTING HOLES, BEE HIVES, ADN OTHER VOIDS OR OPENING TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE TREE
- FUNGAL FRUITING STRUCTURES, SUCH AS MUSHROOMS, CONKS, OR BRACKETS, THAT ARE ATTACHED TO THE TREE
- CARPENTER ANTS INHABITING OR EMERGING FROM DEFECT REGIONS
- TERMITE EMERGENCE FROM INTERNAL NESTS/TUNNELS
62
POTENTIAL INDICATORS OF DECAY
- THE PRESENCE OF OLD WOUNDS OR BRANCH STUBS THAT MAY HAVE ALLOWED DECAY FUNGI TO ENTER THE TREE
- RESPONSE GROWTH PATTERNS, SUCH AS SWELLING, BULGES, OR RIDGES ON A TRUNK OR BRANCH
- CRACKS OR SEAMS
- OOZING THROUGH THE BARK
- DEAD OR LOOSELY ATTACHED BARK, OR BARK WITH ABNORMAL PATTERS OR COLORS
- SUNKEN AREAS IN THE BARK
- TERMITE TRAILS
63
TENSION WOOD
REACTION WOOD IN BROADLEAVED TREES ( HARDWOODS) THAT FORMS ON UPPER SIDE OF BRANCHES
64
STRESS
A FORCE PER UNIT AREA
65
BROWN ROT
FUNGAL WOOD ROT CHARACTERIZED BY BREAKDOWN OF CELLULOSE
66
SAPWOOD ROT
CHARACTERIZED BY NUMEROUS SMALL FRUITING BODIES ON TRUNK
67
TORSION
THE ACTION OF TWISTING OR BEING TWISTED
68
BARRIER ZONE
A CHEMICAL AND ANATOMICAL BARRIER FORMED BY THE CAMBIUM PRESENT AT THE TIME OF WOUNDING IN RESPONSE TO WOUNDING
69
RESPONSE GROWTH
COMPRESSION WOOD, TENSION WOOD, FLEXURE WOOD, WOUNDWOOD
70
CELLULOSE
PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY AND STRENTH IN CELL WALLS UNDER TENSION
71
RETRENCHMENT
NATURAL PROCESS THAT BREAKS DOWN BOTH LIGNIN AND CELLULOSE
72
COMPRESSION WOOD
REACTION WOOD IN GYMNOSPERMS, AND SOME ANGIOSPERMS, THAT DEVELOPS ON THE UNDERSIDE OS BRANCHES OR LEANING TRUNKSAND IS IMPORTANT IN LOAD BEARING
73
WHITE ROT
FUNGAL DECAY THAT BREAKS DOWN BOTH LIGNIN AND CELLULOSE
74
LIGNIN
SUBSTANCE IN CELL WALLS THAT ADDS STRENGTH UNDER COMPRESSION
75
REACTION ZONE
NATRUAL BOUNDARY FORMED CHEMICALLY WITHIN A TREE TO SEPERATE DAMAGED WOOD FROM EXISTING HEALTHY WOOD
76
T/F
| COMPRESSION WOOD TYPICALLTY HAS SMALLER, THINNER CELLULOSE PIPES, WITH MORE LATEWOOD AND LIGNIN CONTENT
TRUE
77
T/FFLEXURE WOOD MAY IMPACT THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRUNK TAPER AND BUTTRESS ROOTS
TRUE
78
THE PRESENCE OF DECAY INDICATES THAT THE TREE IS LIKELY TO FAIL
FALSE
79
DELIGNIFIED WOOD RETAINS ITS COMPRESSIBILITY, BUT LOSES ITS TENSILE STRENGTH
FALSE
80
DEFINITE INDICATORSOF DECAY INCLUDE FUNGAL FRUITING STRUCTURES, CAVITY OPENINGS AND CARPENTER ANTS
TRUE
81
A SPECIAL TYPE OF GROWTH THAT IS PRODUCED IN RESPONSE TO WIND LOADING IS CALLED _________ __________.
FLEXURE WOOD
82
A TREE'S ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY _________ DECAY IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN ASSESSING STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE
COMPARTMENTALIZE
83
SOME _________ INDICATORS OF DECAY INCLUDE CAVITY OPENINGS, NESTING HOLES, CONKS, AND MUSHROOMS. SOME __________ INDICATORS OF DECAY INCLUDE OOZING, CRACKS AND SUNKEN AREAS IN THE BARK.
DEFINITE, POTENTIAL
84
TWO OF THE STRESSES WITHIN A TREE INCLUDE ____________, WHICH IS SQUEEZING A MATERIAL, AND ____________, WHICH IS STRETCHING OR PULLING A MATERIAL.
COMPRESSION , TENSION
85
THE CROSS SECTIONAL STRENGTH FORMULA DOES NOT ACCOUNT FOR ______________ ON THE SHELL WALL, SO TALL TREES AND SHORT TREES ARE TREATED IDENTICALLY
LOAD
86
WHEN ASSESSING LOAD, POTENTIAL __________ _________ ARE CANKERS, CRACKS, SHARP BENDS. AND OTHER FACTORS THAT CAN MAGNIFY STRESS
STRESS RAISERS
87
LIVE CROWN RATIO
THE RATIO OF CROWN LENGTH TO TOTAL TREE HEIGHT
88
SOFT ROT
DECAY OF PLANT TISSUES CHARACTERIZED BY THE BREAKDOWN OF TISSUES WITHIN CELL WALSS
89
REACTION WOOD
WOOD FORMED IN LEANING OR CROOKED STEMS, OR ON UPPER OR LOWER SIDES OF BRANCHES AS A MEANS OF COUNTERACTING THE EFFECTS OF GRAVITY
90
ADVENTITIOUS BRANCH
BRANCH ARISING WITHOUT ANT CONNECTION TO APICAL MERISTEMS
91
TAPER
CHANGE IN DIAMETER OVER LENGTH OF TRUNKS, BRANCHES AND ROOTS
92
LEAN
PREDOMINANT ANGLE OF THE TRUNK FROM VERTICAL
93
BARK THAT BECOMES EMBEDDED IN A BRANCH UNION
INCLUDED BARK
94
RIB
LONGITUDINAL BULGE OF RESPONSE WOOD GROWTH
95
LOCALIZED DISEASED AREA, OFETN SHRUNKEN AND DISCOLORED
CANKER
96
ROOT THAT ENCIRCLES ALL OR PART OF THE TREE TRUNK
GIRDLING ROOT
97
FORMED WHERE TWO EDGES OF BARK MEET AT A CRACK OR WOUND
SEAM
98
ANY CONDITION THAT REDUCES A TREES STRUCTURAL STRENGTH
DEFECT
99
T/F
A POSSIBLE LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE MAY BE EXPECTED IN EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS, BUT IS UNLIKELY DURING NORMAL WEATHER CONDITIONS WITHIN THE SPECIFIED TIME FRAME.
TRUE
100
T/F
| EVEN IF THERE IS NO CRACKING OR OOZING, RIDGES WILL PROBABLY AFFECT THE LIKELYHOOD OF FAILURE.
FALSE
101
T/F
| CANKERS OCCUR WHEN STEMS OR BRANCHES ARE TORSIONALLY STRESSED
FALSE
102
WHNE ASSESSING DECAY, IT IS IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER THE EXTENT OF DECAY, ITS STRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS, AND THE AMOUNT OF __________ ____________.
RESPONSE GROWTH
103
FLAT AREAS AT THE TRUNK FLARE MAT INDICATE MISSING OR GIRDLING ________, OR OBSTRCUTIONS SUCH AS ROCKS OR UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE.
ROOTS
104
LARGER-THAN-NORMAL ROOT FLARE OR FUSED ROOTS AT THE BASE OF A TREE MAY INDICATE THE PRESENCE OF ____________ ___________.
BASAL DECAY
OR
ROOT DECAY
105
ALL OTHER CONDITIONS BEING EQUAL, A TALLER TREE HAS THE SAME TRUNK DIAMETER AS A SHORTER TREE HAS ________ STRESS IN THE LOWER TRUNK, DUE TO LONGER _________ ________.
HIGHER
| LEVER ARM
106
A LOW ______ _________ _________ CAN BE A CONDITION OF CONCERN , ESPECIALLY IF THE TREE ORIGANALLY DEVELOPED IN FOREST CONDITIONS AND WAS RECENTLY EXPOSED TO HIGHER WIND CONDITIONS
LIVE CROWN RATIO
107
IMMINENT
FAILURE HAS STARTED OR IS MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR IN THE NEAR FUTURE,
108
PROBABLE
FAILURE MAY BE EXPECTED UNDER NORMAL WEATHER CONDITIONS WITHIN THE SPECIFIED TIME FRAME
109
POSSIBLE
FAILURE MAY BE EXPECTED IN EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS, BUT IS UNLIKELY DURING NORMAL WEATHER CONDITIONS
110
IMPROBABLE
THE TREE OR TREE PART IS NOT LIKELY TO FAIL DURING NORMAL WEATHER CONDITIONS AND MAY NOT FAIL IN EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS
111
WHILE ASSESSING DEFECTS AND CONDITIONS, CONSIDER:
- RESPONSE GROWTH
- LOADS IMPACTING DEFECTS AND CONDITIONS
- DECAY ( EXTENT-RATE-LOCATION)
- DEFECTS IN COMBINATION
112
TIME FRAME
PERIOD FOR WHICH THE ASSESSMENT IS DEFINED
113
RISK TOLERANCE
THE DEGREE OS RISK THAT IS ACCEPTABLE TO THE TREE OWNER/MANAGER
114
RISK PERCEPTION
THE SUBJECTIVE PERCIEVED LEVEL OF RISK FROM A SITUATION OR OBJECT, OFTEN DIFFERING FROM THE ACTUAL LEVEL OF RISK
115
LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE
CHANCE OF A TREE FAILURE OCCURING WITHIN A SPECIFIED TIME FRAME
116
RISK CATEGORIZATION
THE PROCESS OF ASSIGNING RISK AND RISK FACTORS TO CATEGORIES BASED ON SEVERITY AND HIERARCHY
117
LIKELIHOOD OF IMPACT
CHANCE OF A TREE FAILURE IMPACTING A TARGET DURING THE SPECIFIED TIME FRAME
118
OVERALL TREE RISK RATING
THE HIGHEST RISK DETERMINED FOR THE TREE AND TARGET OF CONCERN
119
RISK EVALUATION
THE PROCESS OF COMPARING THE ASSESSED RISK AGAINST GIVEN RISK CRITERIA TO DETERMINE THE SIGNIFIGANCE OF THE RISK
120
T/F
WHEN MORE THAN ONE DEFECT OR CONDITION IS PRESENT IN A TREE, THE DEFECTS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER CONDITIONS.
TRUE
121
T/F
WHEN THERE ARE MULTIPLE LEVELS OF RISK WITHIN A TREE, IDENTIFY THE FAILURE MODE HAVING THE GREATEST RISK AND REPORT THAT AS THE OVERALL RISK RATING
TRUE
122
HOW PEOPLE PERCIEVE RISK AND THEIR NEED FOR PERSONAL SAFETY IS INHERITANTLY SUBJECTIVE; THEREFORE, RISK TOLERANCE AND ACCEPTABLE RISK THRESHOLDS VARY AMONG TREE OWNERS/MANAGERS
TRUE
123
COMBINE THE LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE AND IMPACT WITH THE EXPECTED CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE TO DETEMINE A RISK RATING USING THE __________ ____________ _____________.
RISK RATING MATRIX
124
IF THE LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE IS PROBABLE, AND THE LIKELIHOOD OF IMPACTING THE TARGET IS HIGH, THE ESTIMATED LIKELIHOOD OF A FAILURE AND IMPACT IS ________________.
LIKELY
125
IF THE LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE AND IMPACT IS VERY LIKELY, AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE ARE SIGNIFICANT, THE RISK RATING IS __________.
HIGH
126
METAL BAR TO SUPPORT WEAK SECTION OR CROTCHES OF A TREE
BRACE ROD
127
RISK REMAINING AFTER MITIGATION
RESIDUAL RISK
128
MITIGATION ACTIONS AIMED AT REDUCING LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE
TREE-BASED ACTIONS
129
REMOVING BRANCHES FROM A TREE, USING APPROVED PRATICES, TO ACHIEVE AN OBLECTIVE
PRUNING
130
CHEMICALS APPLIED TO TREES THAT SLOW TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT
TREE GROWTH REGULATORS
131
INSTALLATION OF STEEL OR SYNTHETIC CABLE TO SUPPORT WEAK BRANCHES OR BRANCH UNIONS
CABLING
132
SUPPLEMENTAL SUPPORT BETWEEN A TREE AND AN EXTERNAL ANCHOR
GUY
133
RIGID BRACE TO SUPPORT A TREE OR BRANCH FROM BELOW
PROP
134
HARDWARE INSTALLED IN A TREE TO CONDUCT THE CHARGE OF A LIGHTING STRIKE TO THE GROUND
LIGHTNING PROTECTION
135
MITIGATION ACTIONS AIMED AT REDUCING LIKELIHOOD OF IMPACT
TARGET BASED ACTIONS
136
THE DEGREE OF RISK THAT IS ACCEPTABLE TO THE TREE OWNER/MANAGER
RISK TOLERANCE
137
THE PROCESS FOR REDUCING RISK
MITIGATION
138
THE RECOMMENDATIONS TO KEEP A TREE AND CONDUCT FOLLOW-UP ASSESSMENTS AFTER A STATED INSPECTION INTERVAL
RETAIN AND MONITOR
139
T/F
| MITIGATION MEASURES ARE TYPICALLY PRESENTED AS A SET OF OPTIONS TO THE TREE OWNER/MANAGER
TRUE
140
T/F
| MITIGATION CHOICES ARE ULTIMATELY THE ASSESSOR'S BECAUSE HE/SHE IS THE PERSON WHO IS LIABLE FOR THE DAMAGES
FALSE
141
T/F
WHEN RETAINING TREES FOR WILD LIFE, ONE OF THE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY IS TO MAINTAIN THE TREES HEIGHT SHORTER THAN THE DISTANCE TO THE NEAREST TARGET, BY USING APPROVED CROWN-REDUCING TECHNIQUES
TRUE
142
__________-BASED MITIGATION ACTIONS ARE OFETN PREFERRED IF THE TREE PRESERVATION IS A PRIMARY MANAGMENT GOAL.
TARGET
143
REDUCTION PRUNING IS OFTEN AN EFFECTIVE TREE-BASED MITIGATION OPTION USED TO REDUCE LOADING FROM GRAVITY, WIND, OR PRECIPATATION. ___________ IS NOT RECOMMENDED BECAUSE IT CREATES LONG-TERM PROBLEMS WITH WEAK SPROUTS AND THE ENTRY OF WOOD DECAY, DUE TO THE INTERNODAL HEADING CUTS.
TOPPING
144
TREE _________ MAY BE AN OBVIOUS CHOICE IN SOME SITUATIONS, BUT IT SHOULD BE THE LAST AND LEAST DESIRABLE OPTION BECAUSE THE BENEFITS OF THE TREE ARE LOST.
REMOVAL
145
REMOVING TURF, APPLYING MULCH, AND ADJUSTING IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ARE EXAMPLES OF ____________ MODIFACATIONS, WHICK MAY IMPROVE TREE HEALTH OVER THE LONG TERM.
SITE
146
A WRITTEN DOCUMENT DETAILING THE WORK TO BE COMPLETED AND AUTHORIZING PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACTED WORK
WORK ORDER
147
A DOCUMENT WITH TEXT, IMAGES, AND/OR REFERENCES, CONTAINING THE RESULTS OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT
WRITTEN REPORT
148
INSPECTION INTERVAL
TIME BETWEEM INSPECTIONS
149
RESULTS OF A RISK ASSESSMENT DELIVERED TO THE TREE OWNER/MANAGER ORALLY
VERBAL REPORT
150
RESTRAINTS OR FACTORS THAT RESTRICT THE PRECISION, APPLCABILITY OR EXTENT OF SOMETHING
LIMITATIONS
151
PRESENTING THE TREE OWNER/MANAGER WITH A SUMMARY STATEMENT DESCRIBING IN DEATIL THE RESULTS OF AN ASSESSMENT
REPORTING
152
ONE OR MANY ALTERNATIVES THAT ARE PROMOTED TO ACHIEVE A DESIRED OUTCOME, BASED ON PROFESSIONAL JUDGEMENT
RECOMMENDATIONS
153
DEFINED PROJECT OBLECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS
SCOPE OF WORK
154
T/F
A WRITTEN REPORT CAN BE A GOOD WAY TO COMMUNICATE WITH A TREE OWNER/MANAGER BECAUSE IT CLEARLY STATES THE SCOPE OF WORK, ASSESSMENT LIMITATIONS, LEVEL OF RISK, AND MITIGATION OPTIONS
TRUE
155
T/F
| WRITTEN REPORTS SHOULD INCLUDE THE MONETARY VALUE OF ALL POTENTIAL TARGETS, AS DETERMINED BY THE TREE RISK ASSESSOR
FALSE
156
T/F
| WHEN GIVIN A VERBAL REPORT, IT IS IMPORTANT FOR THE ASSESSOR TO USE ARBORCULTURAL TERMS FOR LEGAL REASONS.
FALSE
157
T/F
| THE FINAL REPORT, IT IS IMPORTANT FOR THE ASSESSOR TO USE ARBORCULTURAL TERMS FOR LEGAL REASONS.
TRUE
158
T/F
DESPITE AN ASSESSSORS BEST EFFORTS IN COLLECTING AND INTERPRETING DATA, THERE WILL ALWAYS BE FACTORS THAT CANNOT BE OBSERVED AND INFORMATION THAT IS UNAVAILABLE AT THE TIME OF THE ASSESSMENT.
TRUE
159
SENDING THE TREE OWNER/MANAGER A _________ __________ FOLLOWING VERBAL COMMUNICATION IS A GOOD TOOL FOR ASSESSORS TO REITERATE KEY ISSUES OF CONCERN
WRITTEN REPORT
160
ONE BENEFIT OF A _________ _________ IS THAT IT ALLOWS FOR IMMEDIATE ACTION AND FEEDBACK FROM THE TREE OWNER/MANAGER
VERBAL REPORT
161
SOME _________ THAT THE TREE OWNER'S/MANAGERS SHOULD BE MADE AWARE OF ARE THAT TREE RISK ASSESSMENTS REPRESENT THE CONDITION OF THE TREE AT THE TIME OF INSPECTION AND THE ESTABLISHED TIME FRAME IS NOT A GAURANTEE PERIOD OF TREE STABILITY.
LIMITATIONS
