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Prosthetics > Transtibial Gait Deviations > Flashcards

Transtibial Gait Deviations Flashcards

1
Q

What are causes of a hyperextension moment at the knee? (2 amputee, 5 prosthetic)

A

Amputee:

  1. Weak quads
  2. Too forceful quad contraction

Prosthetic:

  1. Too soft/too low heel cushion
  2. Too low a shoe heel
  3. Posterior leaning pylon
  4. Foot too anterior=short heel lever
  5. Foot too plantarflexed
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2
Q

In what part of gait are we concerned about a knee hyperextension moment?

A

Initial contact to loading response

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3
Q

What are causes of a flexion moment at the knee? (2 amputee, 6 prosthetic)

A

Amputee:

  1. Unaccommodated knee flexion contracture
  2. Weak quads

Prosthetic:

  1. Too hard heel cushion
  2. Too high shoe heel
  3. Anterior leaning pylon (socket flexed greater than 5 to 15 degrees)
  4. Foot too posterior=long heel lever
  5. Foot too dorsiflexed
  6. Excessive Pressure against distal, anterior tibia
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4
Q

In what part of gait are we concerned about a flexion moment in the knee?

A

Initial contact to loading response

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5
Q

What are the causes of external rotation of the prosthesis? (1 amputee, 2 prosthetic)

A

Amputee:
1. weak internal rotators

Prosthetic:

  1. Too hard or too high a heel cushion
  2. Too much toe out
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6
Q

In what part of stance are we concerned about external rotation of the prosthesis?

A

Initial contact to loading response

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7
Q

What are the causes of abducted gait? (1 amputee, 2 prosthetic)

A

Amputee:
1. Habit

Prosthetic:

  1. Pylon too long
  2. Outset foot may mimic this
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8
Q

In what phase of gait are we most concerned about abducted gait?

A

Midstance

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9
Q

What are the causes of a trunk lean? (1 amputee, 4 prosthetic)

A

Amputee:
1. Weak abductors

Prosthetic:

  1. Too short or too long
  2. Outset foot
  3. Improper socket fit causing pain
  4. Medial leaning pylon
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10
Q

In what phase of gait are we concerned about a trunk lean?

A

Midstance

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11
Q

What are the causes of a valgus moment at the knee?

A

Amputee:
None

Prosthetic:
1. Outset foot

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12
Q

What are the causes of a varus moment at the knee?

A

Amputee:
None

Prosthetic:
1. Inset foot

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13
Q

In what stage of gait are we concerned about valgus/varus moments at the knee?

A

Midstance

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14
Q

What causes walking on the lateral border of the foot?

A

Amputee:
None

Prosthetic:
1. Laterally leaning pylon

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15
Q

What causes walking on the medial border of the foot?

A

Amputee:
None

Prosthetic:
1. Medially leaning pylon

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16
Q

In what stage of gait are we most concerned with walking on the borders of the foot?

A

Midstance

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17
Q

What causes decreased stance time? (2 amputee, 1 prosthetic)

A

Amputee:

  1. Inadequate weight bearing
  2. Poor balance

Prosthetic:
1. Pain from socket

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18
Q

What causes a Trendelenburg gait?

A

Amputee:

  1. Weak hip abductors
  2. Poor balance

Prosthetic:
None

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19
Q

in what stage of gait are we concerned about a Trendelenburg gait?

A

Midstance

20
Q

What causes a drop-off? (1 amputee, 3 prosthetic)

A

Amputee:
1. Habit

Prosthetic:

  1. Toe lever too short (foot too posterior, keel too short)
  2. Excessive socket flexion
  3. Excessive dorsiflexion
21
Q

In what stage of gait are we concerned about a drop-off?

A

Terminal stance to pre-swing

22
Q

What causes delayed knee flexion? (2 amputee, 2 prosthetic)

A

Amputee:

  1. Poor pelvic control
  2. Weak knee flexors

Prosthetic:

  1. Foot too anterior
  2. Excessive plantarflexion
23
Q

In what phase of gait are we concerned about delayed knee flexion?

A

Terminal stance to pre-swing

24
Q

What can cause a shortened prosthetic stride length/shorter prosthetic swing? ( 1 amputee, 3 prosthetic)

A

Amputee:
1. Knee flexion contracture

Prosthetic:

  1. Anterior leaning pylon
  2. Pylon too short
  3. Inadequate suspension
25
Q

What are the causes of inability for the leg to clear the floor?

A

Amputee:
None

Prosthetic:

  1. Prosthesis too long
  2. Inadequate suspension
26
Q

What are the causes vaulting? (2 amputee, 3 prosthesis)

A

Amputee:

  1. Habit or fear of catching toe
  2. Improper gait training for initiation of hip flexion

Prosthetic:

  1. Prosthesis too long
  2. Inadequate suspension
  3. Excessive plantarflexion
27
Q

What can cause a lateral whip? (1 amputee, 1 prosthetic)

A

Amputee:
1. Improperly donned (rotated)

Prosthetic:
1. Internally rotated socket

28
Q

What can cause a medial whip? (1 amputee, 1 prosthetic)

A

Amputee:
1. Improperly donned (rotated)

Prosthetic:
1. Externally rotated socket

29
Q

In what phase of gait are we concerned about lateral and medial whips?

A

Initial swing to terminal swing

30
Q

What can cause pistoning?

A

Amputee:
None

Prosthetic:

  1. Socket too loose
  2. Improperly donned
31
Q

In what stage of gait are we concerned mainly about pistoning?

A

Swing

32
Q

What gait deviations can result from too hard or too high of a heel cushion?

A
  1. Flexion moment at the knee during Initial contact to loading response
  2. External rotation of the prosthesis during initial contact to loading response
33
Q

What gait deviations can result from an anterior leaning pylon?

A
  1. Flexion moment at the knee during initial stance to loading response
  2. Shorted prosthetic stride length/short prosthetic swing
34
Q

What gait deviations can result from a too far posterior foot?

A
  1. Flexion moment at the knee during initial contact to loading response
  2. Drop-off in terminal stance to preswing
35
Q

What gait deviations can result from a too far anterior foot?

A
  1. Hyperextension moment at the knee during initial contact to loading response
  2. Delayed knee flexion in terminal stance to preswing
36
Q

What gait deviations can result from a foot that is too plantarflexed?

A
  1. Hyperextension moment of the knee during initial contact to loading response
  2. Delayed knee flexion in terminal stance to preswing
  3. Vaulting in swing
37
Q

What gait deviations can result from a foot that is too dorsiflexed?

A
  1. Flexion moment of the knee during initial contact to loading response
  2. Drop-off in terminal stance to preswing
38
Q

What gait deviations are related to habit?

A
  1. Abducted gait
  2. Drop off
  3. Vaulting
39
Q

What gait deviations are related to a socket with too much initial flexion?

A
  1. Flexion moment of the knee during initial stance to loading response
  2. Drop off in terminal stance to preswing
40
Q

What gait deviations can result from a pylon/prosthesis that is too long?

A
  1. Abducted gait during midstance
  2. Inability to clear the floor
  3. Vaulting during swing
  4. Trunk leaning during midstance
41
Q

What gait deviations can result from a pylon/prosthesis that is too short?

A
  1. Trunk leaning during midstance

2. Shorted prosthetic stride length (short prosthetic swing)

42
Q

What gait deviations can result from an outset foot?

A
  1. Abducted gait appearance during midstance
  2. Trunk leaning during midstance
  3. Valgus moment at the knee during midstance
43
Q

What gait deviations can result from a medially leaning pylon?

A
  1. Trunk leaning during midstance

2. Walking on medial border of foot during midstance

44
Q

What gait deviations can result from poor balance?

A
  1. Decreased stance time

2. Trendelenburg gait during midstance

45
Q

What gait deviations can result from inadequate suspension?

A
  1. Vaulting
  2. Inability to clear the floor
  3. Shortened prosthetic stride/swing
46
Q

What gait deviations can result from improperly donning a socket?

A
  1. Lateral/medial whip

2. pistoning

Prosthetics (2 decks)

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